In the printing process, regardless of the method of printing, multicolor or monochrome printing, the primary problem encountered before printing is the ink color deployment to adapt to the needs of the printed product. Therefore, the ink color is often required. Selection and deployment. No matter how bright the ink, if the operator does not understand some ink performance and color knowledge, the mixed ink can not achieve a satisfactory appearance and quality level. For this reason, this article wants to introduce some color adjustment methods for reference.
First, the simple principle of color matching
Each color is represented by the three characteristics of hue, lightness, and saturation, and thus the above three factors must be considered in the color matching process. Although black is theoretically the complete absorption of light, black ink still has a gloss. The ink is a mixture of pigment (toner) and resin binder. The pigment particles are surrounded by a layer of nearly transparent resin oil. This resin oil has refractive and reflective effects on light, so we can feel the black ink printing. There is still a certain amount of gloss on the substrate. In the ink color matching process, the ink used should be determined according to the actual printing process, ink layer thickness, printing substrate, and Other conditions. When selecting the ink, the gloss, hue, tinting strength, hiding power of the ink itself must be considered.
1. luster
Luster can be measured with the instrument, but it can also be judged by the naked eye, usually only by visual observation during the color matching process. Luster actually refers to the degree of the ability of an ink printed sample to reflect light in the same direction after being irradiated with light. Its direct influence on the appearance of prints is a very important indicator. At the same time, when selecting the ink, it is necessary to distinguish whether the ink itself is bright, semi-glossy or matte type ink, to avoid mixing errors.
2. Hue is the basic characteristic of color. It is used to distinguish the quality. When matching colors, we must first consider whether the hue is the same. The detection method is usually by scratching the paper or performing analog printing. Observe and compare.
3. Hiding power is the degree to which the ink covers its background. The better the hiding power is, the worse the transparency is, and the level of transparency affects the efficiency of the ink trapping and the degree of influence of the printed substrate.
4. Coloring power is a method of expressing the concentration of ink. The measurement is based on a certain amount of ink and then added with a certain amount of standard white ink to dilute and then compare with the standard sample. The difference in color strength reflects the degree of mixing of the ink and affects the thickness of the printing ink film.
Through the color identification scratch paper to do the scratch test (Drowdown) can be compared ink samples and standards in the gloss, hue, hiding power in three aspects of the difference. Specific methods: Put the standard ink in the upper left corner of the identification paper, and the color ink in the upper right corner, about one centimeter apart. Use a scraper to flatten the thin coating part at an angle almost perpendicular to the scraping paper and light the tilt angle. Force to expand the thick portion quickly.
After the surface of the ink is dried, the hue of the ink may be observed in a thin portion, and the hiding power and transparency of the ink may be identified in the black portion, and the difference in luster between the two may be judged in the thick portion and the appearance of the entire color may be observed. Normally black and color inks use white scratch paper, while white ink uses black scratch paper.
Second, ink color should pay attention to the problem
1. Carefully observe the color samples, pay particular attention to the printed substrate, select the ink from the rough and smooth substrate, and the degree of reflection. For example, inks are printed on smooth, highly reflective aluminum plates or cans. Selecting high transparency inks will help greatly enhance the metallic luster of the ink.
2. When selecting inks for color matching, avoid mixing too much ink as much as possible, and try to use inks that are close to the standard color and made from a single pigment. The more color inks are used for color matching, the farther from the standard color, the worse the brightness is, and the higher the degree of matting of colors, the impossible to use the color to modulate the primary colors.
3. Pay special attention to the tinting strength of the ink. If the selected ink concentration is not high enough, the standard color concentration cannot be achieved regardless of how the ink is dispensed.
4. When it is necessary to add white and black ink, the accuracy of the weight and weight of the added power should be added. In all inks, the hiding power of white ink is extremely strong, and adding too much will not only dilute the color, but also will prevent the reflection of the substrate. However, for printing uneven substrates such as nylon cloth and cardboard, it is preferable to print a white layer as a background color in order to ensure the appearance of the prints. Due to the strong coloring power of black ink, adding too much carelessly, you need to add a lot of other color inks to adjust the color and cause waste, so you need to pay special attention.
5. In the production of pale inks, the degree of transparency of the ink film should be used to determine how much white ink or varnish (pigmenting agent) should be added for color grading. Never use solvents (dilution water) to dilute the color. Excessive solvent addition will not only affect the printing performance, but will also destroy the ink structure, cause the pigment to separate from the resin oil, precipitate or greatly reduce the ink gloss.
6. Improve the method of printing ink film
(1) Add appropriate amount of varnish within the allowable range of color concentration.
(2) Apply a coat of varnish or varnish to the surface of the printing ink film.
(3) increase the ink transparency, such as the use of high transparency of the high ink or adding the right amount of varnish, the use of smooth, reflective substrate reflection to increase the luster.
(4) Prevent the adsorption of the substrate surface and reasonably improve the smoothness of the printed surface of the substrate.
(5) Pay attention to the temperature and humidity of the printing environment. In the case of high humidity and low temperature, when the plastic gravure printing is performed, the solvent evaporates quickly (usually the surface of the ink film is dried within 1 minute), absorbs the heat around the ink film and causes rapid condensation of water vapor in the air. The surface of the printing ink film is fogged, causing the ink layer to lose its luster. During the rainy season, special attention must be given to controlling the temperature and humidity of the printing environment to ensure good printing results.
7. Fluorescent inks cannot be mixed with a large number of non-fluorescent inks, otherwise they will lose their fluorescence effects.
Third, special color production
1. Gold, silver ink production: the use of varnish to join the right amount of gold powder, silver powder mixing evenly, we should pay attention to choose the fineness of the gold powder and silver powder, but also must choose to adapt to the printing substrate of the varnish, and should be printed Reconstitution to prevent the ink from depositing and delaminating due to excessively long standing time. Gold ink can also be mixed using silver powder, transparent yellow and varnish.
2. Pearlescent ink: The pearlescent pigment is mixed with a suitable proportion of highly transparent ink or varnish. The hiding power of the ink is strong, it is likely to lose the pearl effect.
3. Luminous ink: The ink has the effect of absorbing light energy and then re-radiating light for a certain period of time. Therefore, it can often emit light at night, so it is called luminous ink or phosphorescent ink. Luminous pigments are usually dispersed in a highly transparent varnish and stirred well.
All of the above inks cannot be ground. Grinding with gold ink and silver ink will damage the grinding equipment. Pearlescent and luminous ink grinding will destroy the surface or crystal structure and lose the desired effect.
First, the simple principle of color matching
Each color is represented by the three characteristics of hue, lightness, and saturation, and thus the above three factors must be considered in the color matching process. Although black is theoretically the complete absorption of light, black ink still has a gloss. The ink is a mixture of pigment (toner) and resin binder. The pigment particles are surrounded by a layer of nearly transparent resin oil. This resin oil has refractive and reflective effects on light, so we can feel the black ink printing. There is still a certain amount of gloss on the substrate. In the ink color matching process, the ink used should be determined according to the actual printing process, ink layer thickness, printing substrate, and Other conditions. When selecting the ink, the gloss, hue, tinting strength, hiding power of the ink itself must be considered.
1. luster
Luster can be measured with the instrument, but it can also be judged by the naked eye, usually only by visual observation during the color matching process. Luster actually refers to the degree of the ability of an ink printed sample to reflect light in the same direction after being irradiated with light. Its direct influence on the appearance of prints is a very important indicator. At the same time, when selecting the ink, it is necessary to distinguish whether the ink itself is bright, semi-glossy or matte type ink, to avoid mixing errors.
2. Hue is the basic characteristic of color. It is used to distinguish the quality. When matching colors, we must first consider whether the hue is the same. The detection method is usually by scratching the paper or performing analog printing. Observe and compare.
3. Hiding power is the degree to which the ink covers its background. The better the hiding power is, the worse the transparency is, and the level of transparency affects the efficiency of the ink trapping and the degree of influence of the printed substrate.
4. Coloring power is a method of expressing the concentration of ink. The measurement is based on a certain amount of ink and then added with a certain amount of standard white ink to dilute and then compare with the standard sample. The difference in color strength reflects the degree of mixing of the ink and affects the thickness of the printing ink film.
Through the color identification scratch paper to do the scratch test (Drowdown) can be compared ink samples and standards in the gloss, hue, hiding power in three aspects of the difference. Specific methods: Put the standard ink in the upper left corner of the identification paper, and the color ink in the upper right corner, about one centimeter apart. Use a scraper to flatten the thin coating part at an angle almost perpendicular to the scraping paper and light the tilt angle. Force to expand the thick portion quickly.
After the surface of the ink is dried, the hue of the ink may be observed in a thin portion, and the hiding power and transparency of the ink may be identified in the black portion, and the difference in luster between the two may be judged in the thick portion and the appearance of the entire color may be observed. Normally black and color inks use white scratch paper, while white ink uses black scratch paper.
Second, ink color should pay attention to the problem
1. Carefully observe the color samples, pay particular attention to the printed substrate, select the ink from the rough and smooth substrate, and the degree of reflection. For example, inks are printed on smooth, highly reflective aluminum plates or cans. Selecting high transparency inks will help greatly enhance the metallic luster of the ink.
2. When selecting inks for color matching, avoid mixing too much ink as much as possible, and try to use inks that are close to the standard color and made from a single pigment. The more color inks are used for color matching, the farther from the standard color, the worse the brightness is, and the higher the degree of matting of colors, the impossible to use the color to modulate the primary colors.
3. Pay special attention to the tinting strength of the ink. If the selected ink concentration is not high enough, the standard color concentration cannot be achieved regardless of how the ink is dispensed.
4. When it is necessary to add white and black ink, the accuracy of the weight and weight of the added power should be added. In all inks, the hiding power of white ink is extremely strong, and adding too much will not only dilute the color, but also will prevent the reflection of the substrate. However, for printing uneven substrates such as nylon cloth and cardboard, it is preferable to print a white layer as a background color in order to ensure the appearance of the prints. Due to the strong coloring power of black ink, adding too much carelessly, you need to add a lot of other color inks to adjust the color and cause waste, so you need to pay special attention.
5. In the production of pale inks, the degree of transparency of the ink film should be used to determine how much white ink or varnish (pigmenting agent) should be added for color grading. Never use solvents (dilution water) to dilute the color. Excessive solvent addition will not only affect the printing performance, but will also destroy the ink structure, cause the pigment to separate from the resin oil, precipitate or greatly reduce the ink gloss.
6. Improve the method of printing ink film
(1) Add appropriate amount of varnish within the allowable range of color concentration.
(2) Apply a coat of varnish or varnish to the surface of the printing ink film.
(3) increase the ink transparency, such as the use of high transparency of the high ink or adding the right amount of varnish, the use of smooth, reflective substrate reflection to increase the luster.
(4) Prevent the adsorption of the substrate surface and reasonably improve the smoothness of the printed surface of the substrate.
(5) Pay attention to the temperature and humidity of the printing environment. In the case of high humidity and low temperature, when the plastic gravure printing is performed, the solvent evaporates quickly (usually the surface of the ink film is dried within 1 minute), absorbs the heat around the ink film and causes rapid condensation of water vapor in the air. The surface of the printing ink film is fogged, causing the ink layer to lose its luster. During the rainy season, special attention must be given to controlling the temperature and humidity of the printing environment to ensure good printing results.
7. Fluorescent inks cannot be mixed with a large number of non-fluorescent inks, otherwise they will lose their fluorescence effects.
Third, special color production
1. Gold, silver ink production: the use of varnish to join the right amount of gold powder, silver powder mixing evenly, we should pay attention to choose the fineness of the gold powder and silver powder, but also must choose to adapt to the printing substrate of the varnish, and should be printed Reconstitution to prevent the ink from depositing and delaminating due to excessively long standing time. Gold ink can also be mixed using silver powder, transparent yellow and varnish.
2. Pearlescent ink: The pearlescent pigment is mixed with a suitable proportion of highly transparent ink or varnish. The hiding power of the ink is strong, it is likely to lose the pearl effect.
3. Luminous ink: The ink has the effect of absorbing light energy and then re-radiating light for a certain period of time. Therefore, it can often emit light at night, so it is called luminous ink or phosphorescent ink. Luminous pigments are usually dispersed in a highly transparent varnish and stirred well.
All of the above inks cannot be ground. Grinding with gold ink and silver ink will damage the grinding equipment. Pearlescent and luminous ink grinding will destroy the surface or crystal structure and lose the desired effect.
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