Outdoor activities safety and general knowledge training (old ass don't enter!)

Camping is fun, but safety is the first factor. The following points must be noted:

01 Tents should be laid on a hard, flat ground. Do not camp on riverbanks and dry riverbeds.
02 The entrance to the tent should be leeward, and the tent should be kept away from the rolling hillsides.
03 To prevent flooding of tents when it rains, dig a drainage ditch just below the top line.
04 The four corners of the tent should be pressed with big stones.
05 The inside of the tent should be kept in circulation. Cooking inside the tent should prevent fire.
06 Before going to sleep at night, check whether all the flames have been extinguished and if the tent is firm.
07 In order to prevent insects from entering, be sure to pull the zipper inside the bed before sleeping.
08 The tent surface is best to see the morning sun in the south or southeast. The camp should not be on the ridge or the top of the hill.
09 Have at least a grooved area. Do not ride along the stream. It won't be too cold at night.
10 Campsites are selected from camps with good drainage, such as sandy lands, grasslands, or cuttings.
The common sense of dealing with rain
Place the map in a well-prepared place, such as a raincoat pocket or a backpack top pocket, and make it splash-proof. If you wear glasses, wear a baseball cap with a front bulge and then a raincoat. This will give you better visibility. Wear rain gear immediately in case of rain, do not wear because of the rain, it is too late to drench the chicken and then wear it! The rain gear is suitable for two-piece raincoats, and the rain pants are supported by suspenders to prevent them from falling.

Rain gear should always be placed in a convenient place, such as a side pocket, a top pocket, or the top of a main pocket. Short leggings prevent rain from sliding into the hiking boot from the trousers. Record in the rain is a chore, you can use plastic bags sealed notebook to waterproof. There is a notebook available on the market to prevent the paper from getting wet or the ink level.

Do keep in mind that wet, cold, bare skin is much warmer than wet cotton cloth. Regardless of how backpackers boast about their waterproofness, it is necessary to put a waterproof cover over the backpack. Backpacks, sleeping bags, etc. should be wrapped in waterproof bags or plastic bags.
Hard-shell crisper can be used to contain foods, medicines, negatives, or matches that are fragile and fragile.
Cross river common sense
Rivers are the obstacles often encountered in field activities. Some rivers slowly pass through and are crystal clear. Some are rushing. How do you cross the river?

First of all, you have to "reconnaissance" the river and be aware of it.

First understand the depth, velocity, and structure of the river. After careful observation, determine the location and method of crossing the river.

Wade to cross the river to choose a shallow river, smooth water, no reef, dark currents and whirlpool sites, if the water depth, the water speed exceeds 4 meters per second rapids, do not unprotected wading across the river. When wading across the river, shoes should be worn to prevent the tip of the river from scratching its feet.
At the same time, it can also better maintain balance. If the bottom of the river is muddy, take off your footwear and cross the river barefoot.

Mountainous rivers usually have rapid water flow, low water temperatures, rough riverbeds, and proper protection when crossing.

Holding a bamboo pole, tent poles, branches and other support in the upstream direction of the water;

A protective rope is tied around the waist and falls in the water or is washed down by water. There is protection against danger.

Pull a rope on the stones on the banks of the river or on the trees, and the interferees are grasping the ropes or hanging the belts through the rope jackets and iron locks to cross the river.

Set up a protective rope on both banks of the river to pull it across the river. When two or three people and four people are involved in a collective intervention, those who embrace each other shoulders and have a strong body should move each other across the river in the upstream direction.

In winter, when crossing the glacier, cotton and cotton shoes should be taken off and wading immediately after crossing the river. Care should be taken not to wear cotton underwear and cotton shoes to cross the river. After the water is wet, it can easily cause frostbite and loss of temperature.

In case of larger rivers, do not interfere with it. You can use local materials to make floating tools, such as bamboo rafts, rafts or simple life jackets.

When crossing the glacier, it is best to pass in the morning, because the main source of river water is formed by the melting of glaciers, with low temperature at night and little ablation.
In the morning, the river is shallowest and it is easy to interfere.
Security in field activities
We often encounter steep terrain such as ice and snow slopes, rock walls, turbulent rivers, ice and snow, rock cracks, and other difficult terrain in our field activities. How will you ensure the passage of safety? This requires you to initially master the techniques and methods of self-protection and mutual protection.

In the field activities must have a nylon rope more than 8 mm in diameter, this rope is the protection of you and your peers across difficult areas. Do not underestimate this line, it will not only save your own life, it can also save your companion's life.

Protection, first and foremost, protectors themselves must ensure safety. To use terrain and features, use ropes to resist themselves and fixed objects (such as trees,
Rocks, etc.) or fixed points are connected together. Protectors can adopt seated or vertical two-faced three-match posture.

The general protection is divided into two ways: upper protection and lower protection. The upper protection means that the protection rope passes through a fixture or a fixed point above the protected person, and the protector protects it below; or the protector directly protects the protected person above (such as the top of the rock, the upper part of the ice slope). The lower protection means the protection of the protection rope by the anchor or fixing point under the protected person.

In addition, group protection is often used in wild mountaineering and adventure activities. Generally, a group of 3-4 people is formed. They are connected together by a 40-50 meter long protective rope and pass through each other when passing difficult and dangerous areas. A group must have more than two people with experience in climbing and protection. If they are all novices who have no experience, the formation protection will not only fail to play a protective role, but will result in even greater accident losses.

When climbing a rock wall, experienced climbers can adopt the following protection methods. That is, the climber himself will protect the rope during the upward climbing process, hang it on the protection fulcrum, and protect the protector below. For inexperienced climbers, use top protection as much as possible.

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