Materials are one of the main factors in the art of furniture. Although the material is not as good as the shape and decoration in shaping the classical furniture style, the material is the carrier of the furniture art creation, and it is the material basis of the furniture style art. A perfect piece of furniture is made up of a certain material through a certain processing technology and a reasonable structure. Therefore, in the production process of the furniture, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the material, structure, production process and other components and satisfy certain functions. Different materials have different expressive powers, different combinations and different processing methods, and the current shortage of wood resources at home and abroad, precious redwood species are rare, so the rational selection and application of materials It is one of the important contents of the industrialization of classical furniture production.
　　 The classical furniture materials under the industrialization situation can be compared from the following aspects:
　　 1 species
　　 Chinese classical furniture has a wide range of materials, mainly hardwood in wood. At present, the precious hardwood resources are seriously lacking, and the parts that can be used are very limited. This is a problem that cannot be ignored in front of the world.
The materials of classical furniture under the industrialization situation can be based on modern solid wood furniture factory and non-hard wood. In fact, some of the commonly used wood species such as eucalyptus, eucalyptus, eucalyptus, and nanmu also have good material properties, which are more suitable for industrial production, and the growth cycle is much shorter than most hard wood. We can use this kind of material as industrial classical. Furniture production is preferred. Reasonable use of other wood materials such as various wood-based panels, moderately matched with non-wood materials such as resin, stone, glass, metal, etc., can also be used in the industrial production of classical furniture. In a sense, the use of materials reflects the designer's understanding of the design and the level of design. Modern materials can be described as colorful, and should be included in the book of classical furniture development.
　　 Under the premise of ensuring the sustainable development of resources, the main materials used in the production of industrialized classical furniture should always be placed on the wood. Although wood is not an inexhaustible material, wood is ultimately a renewable resource. Moreover, we believe that the synthesis technology of lignin and wood fiber will also bring new sources of materials to furniture production.
　　 2 material can be carved
　　 Although the industrialized classical furniture production does not advocate cumbersome carving decoration, it advocates the appropriate application of local carving decoration. On the one hand, it respects and carries forward the traditional handicrafts, on the other hand, it is an important embodiment of the classical furniture culture connotation. The significance and role of engraving in the production of classical furniture is very important, but in the production of modern solid wood furniture is minimal, so the engraving narrows the choice of materials for classical furniture.
　　 The engravability involves two aspects: texture and hardness. The dense and delicate wood texture is not easy to be cracked when engraving, and the knife and knife are less affected by the texture. In general, the finer the texture of the wood, the greater the hardness will be. The wood can be finely carved; the texture is loose, and the hardness is correspondingly smaller, which is easy to engrave but not fine. For example, in the traditional hardwood, the red sandalwood texture is fine and the hardness is the largest, so the rosewood furniture is re-engraved, and many classical wood carving handicrafts are also made of red sandalwood. The rosewood and redwood textures are also very dense and hard, and are also suitable for carving; Exceptionally, although hard, but the texture is slightly thicker, it is not suitable for engraving; the wood is hard and solid, like iron, and is famous for its inlaid decoration. Although the hardness of the eucalyptus, boxwood, and cypress in non-hardwood is small, the texture is fine and used as a mosaic.
　　 Although the traditional hard wood can be highly engraved, it should be seen that the use of hardwood has its drawbacks: First, the hardness of the wood is large, the slower the machining speed, the more laborious and time-consuming to engrave; the second is the greater the hardness of the wood. The bigger the movement is, the more difficult it is to move. The third is that the densely-grained wood is not easy to dry and easy to crack. These are all taboos of industrial production, and the cost of hardwood is high, and most people are unacceptable. Therefore, the classical furniture materials in the industrialized form can be selected from the common woods with strong engraving ability.
　　 3 deformation of the material
　　 Dry shrinkage is one of the remarkable characteristics of wood, so deformability is an indicator that wood furniture cannot be ignored. Compared with common wood, most traditional hardwoods have a high coefficient of shrinkage and are likely to cause deformation of the product. In Chinese classical furniture materials, only Huanghua pear has the smallest deformation rate, about 1% . This is also the place where Huanghuali furniture is deeply loved by the court and fully shows its excellent material.
　　 Traditional furniture materials are naturally dry, because the wood texture is fine and hard, and some logs are put on for ten years, and the wood is completely lost when it is completely deformed. The modern drying technology is mature, and the furniture materials are usually dried to the equilibrium moisture content of the use area, which greatly reduces the possibility of warping deformation of the furniture caused by dry shrinkage and swelling; coupled with the consolidation of modern finishing technology, the furniture products are deformed. The possibility is even smaller, which is also the benefit of the production of classical furniture in the form of industrialization.
　　 4 the expressive power of materials
　　 Expressiveness includes both color and texture. The color of the wood refers to the appearance color of the wood, and the texture is the external appearance of the wood texture.
　　 The furniture with deep color is particularly stable and elegant, and the material with deep reddish color is more in line with the custom of Chinese traditional preference for wealth, magnificence and redness. Therefore, the color of Chinese classical furniture is mainly dark. Most of the hardwood materials are darker in color, such as rosewood, purple or purple; rosewood orange to dark brown, maroon; chicken wing wood brown, dark red or purple brown; iron Limu dark red; mahogany (sour branches) light red, deep red or black red; ebony black. The wood color of common wood is far less than that of traditional hardwood, but it can also produce satisfactory results by coloring with antique finishing process. Although Chinese classical furniture also looks at the expressiveness of wood texture, it is usually used for transparent finishing, but it is not excessively pursued. The textures of the hardwoods, such as wenge, rosewood, ironwood, mahogany and eucalyptus, are very beautiful, but in the furniture design, only the wenge is placed on the top of the fabric. Some of the commonly used woods such as eucalyptus, eucalyptus, walnut and other textures are also very beautiful, not inferior to traditional hardwood, nor affect the quality of classical furniture.
　　 5 materials feel
　　 The feel is the surface temperature of the wood and the texture of the skin. Among them, temperature is a more important item. In fact, the traditional hardwood feels not good, especially the rosewood furniture, because of its high hardness and strong thermal conductivity, giving people a cold feeling, so soft fabric materials are often used in conjunction with rosewood furniture. Among the many hardwood furniture, the hand feels good, and the huanghuali furniture feels the best, and the temperature is suitable. The commonly used wood gives a sense of intimacy due to its small hardness and good hand feeling.
　　 Compared with stone and metal, wood has low hardness and slow heat conduction, and is widely used in furniture making; the use of stone and metal furniture is also limited.
　　 6 conclusion
　　 Through the comparison and discussion of several aspects of common wood and traditional hardwood, we can see that although traditional hardwood is indeed the best material for making classical furniture, it is not only traditional hardwood that can make classical furniture. Considering all aspects, the classical furniture in the industrialized form uses common wood with many advantages over traditional hardwood. The domestic " redwood " has been cut down, and the foreign " redwood " has been gradually reduced. As a furniture industry that uses wood as its main raw material, it is important to protect rare hardwoods. |
