Preface
Buffer packaging materials are disposable packaging items that are “used and thrown†and can instantly become garbage. The negative impact on the environment is obvious. At present, people's environmental protection awareness is increasingly strengthened and developed countries have formulated various "green trade barriers" under the conditions of developing green buffer packaging materials.
5R and 1D Principles for Green Buffer Packaging:
★Reduce: Reduced use of packaging materials;
★ Reuse: reuse of packaging materials;
★Recycle: recycling of packaging materials;
★Recover: Inflow recycling system for packaging materials;
★Research: Scientific research on packaging materials;
★Degradable: The degradable corrosion of packaging materials.
The green packaging material GPM (Green Package Material) is the premise of the green packaging design. At present, widely used materials are subject to the same or similar problems in accordance with the requirements of environmental protection. Only by choosing green packaging materials can we fundamentally solve the problem of coordination between products and the environment.
In the early storage and transportation packaging, people mainly used natural environmental protection materials such as shredded paper, rice straw, fine shavings and sawdust to serve as a buffer package for goods. However, in the actual use of these buffer materials, if used improperly, they may spontaneously ignite under certain conditions, and they are prone to dust, poor water resistance, easy to absorb moisture, long bugs, and even mildew, which seriously affect the buffering effect. With the development of science and technology, a series of environmentally friendly buffer packaging materials have been gradually developed. The following is a brief introduction to the green buffer packaging materials widely used in China.
2 various green cushioning packaging materials
1) Corrugated cardboard
Corrugated board is made of kraft cardboard (boardboard) as the inner surface and corrugated medium (corrugated paper) as the core. Different types of corrugated board can be obtained by changing the number of layers of the core, the inner paper, and the shape and size of the corrugated board. It has the advantages of good environmental protection performance, wide application temperature range, low cost, convenient material acquisition, mature production process, and good processing performance. The disadvantages are poor flexibility and poor resilience. For the contents, three or five layers of corrugated cardboard can be used directly as the cushion for the inner package. At the same time, corrugated board can be made into various shapes of gaskets, gaskets, spacers and liners, corner guards, guard edges, and the like. The successfully developed new type of corrugated paperboard and multi-layer paper core composite board has been successfully applied to the production of container pallets. The multi-layer paper core composite board not only has strong bending resistance, but also has characteristics such as flame retardant, water resistance, light weight, heat preservation, and sound insulation after special treatment.
2) Degradable plastic
Biodegradable plastics not only have the characteristics of traditional plastics, but also can be disintegrated and reduced in the natural world through ultraviolet rays in the sunlight or microorganisms in the soil and water after the mission is discarded. Finally, the degradable plastic is reinstated in a non-toxic and harmless form. Into the ecological environment.
In recent years, China's packaging plastics have exceeded 4 million tons. According to relevant departments' forecast, the demand for plastic packaging materials in China will reach 5 million tons in 2005. According to 30% of the disposable plastic packaging materials and products that are difficult to recycle, the amount of waste generated is 1.5 million tons, and the environmental problems caused by this will be increasingly serious.
The development of biodegradable plastics is a major trend in the development of science and technology in the world, and is one of the hot spots in the research and development of modern packaging industry materials. Now, the United States, Japan, Germany and other countries are vigorously developing new environmentally friendly packaging materials, degradable plastics. China's degradable plastics industry has developed rapidly. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 100 manufacturers engaged in the production of degradable plastics in China. For example, Nanjing Sushi Degradable Resin Chemical Co., Ltd. has recently developed a biodegradable foam plastic sheet, in which the starch content is ≥40%. , Biodegradable ingredients ≥ 60%, foaming magnification 30 times, density 0 î€ 033g/cm3, while having good environmental adaptability, can be used as precision instrumentation, high-grade electronic appliances and other buffer packaging materials.
3) Pulp molding
Pulp molding uses plant fibers such as waste newspapers and carton paper as the main raw materials, and it is quickly and uniformly deposited on a mesh model by vacuum molding, hydraulic modeling, and air compression molding, and molded into various shapes. Compaction drying results in a paper product that remains unchanged in shape for a long period of time.
Pulp molded packaging products have geometric shapes that are consistent with the appearance of the contents and have good protection effects such as shockproof, impact-proof, antistatic, and anti-corrosion. Its performance and efficacy are sufficient to replace foamed polystyrene (EPS), PS and PVC foam packaging products. Widely used in electronic, mechanical parts, industrial instruments, electrical tools, computers, home appliances, glass, ceramics and agricultural products and other industries within the lining packaging. Products of well-known domestic companies such as Konka, TCL, Midea and Kelon, as well as foreign companies such as Ericsson, Nokia, and Motorola China Ltd., have started to use pulp molding as their inner cushioning packaging materials.
The pulp molding industry has had more than 80 years of development history in some of the more developed countries, and it has begun to move toward scale and industrialization in China. The most developed and matured region for pulp molding packaging in China is the Pearl River Delta region in Guangdong, followed by East China (Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang) and Beijing-Tianjin regions. At present, China's pulp molding products, represented by pulp molding industry packaging, have taken the China pulp molding industry to a new height and become an important part of the Chinese packaging industry, especially environmental protection packaging. It can be predicted that in the near future, pulp molded products will be recognized and accepted by more and more people as environmentally-friendly green technology products.
4) Honeycomb paperboard
Honeycomb paperboard is a new type of paper which is made of paper honeycomb with a honeycomb structure as a base, and cardboard and single corrugated paperboard are attached on both sides of the honeycomb paperboard. Honeycomb paperboard has the least material consumption, light weight, low cost, high strength and rigidity, better space structure than corrugated paperboard, and has many excellent properties such as buffer vibration isolation, thermal insulation, sound insulation and so on. After special treatment, it can also be fire-retardant, moisture-proof and waterproof, so it is really a good and inexpensive plate. Honeycomb paperboard is a new type of packaging material developed in recent years. The application of honeycomb paperboard in packaging mainly includes honeycomb paper box, cushion liner, honeycomb paper core and honeycomb tray.
Honeycomb cardboard has become a new type of green packaging material that saves resources and protects the environment in developed countries and regions such as the Netherlands, the United States, and Japan. In recent years, relevant departments of national ministries and commissions have attached importance to and supported the research, development and application of honeycomb paperboard materials. The 1998 "Cattle Beetle Incident" prompted the Chinese government to propose emergency measures to replace wood packaging with honeycomb paperboard packaging. In 1999, the “Research on the Development of China's Green Packaging Industry and Planning Study†compiled by the Department of Comprehensive Utilization and Environmental Protection of the State Economic and Trade Commission’s Department of Resources clearly identified honeycomb paperboard as an extension development plan. China National Packaging Technology Association's national "Tenth Five-Year Plan" packaging industry planning tasks and objectives also clearly pointed out: Export mechanical and electrical products to solve the problem of wood replacement during the "10th Five-Year" period, accelerate the research, development and application of honeycomb paperboard and wood. Household appliance companies represented by Haier, Hisense, Changhong, Kelon, Midea, and Gree have begun to use honeycomb paperboard instead of white foam as the inner lining material.
5) Plant fiber cushioning packaging materials
Plant fiber cushion packaging material is a new type of green environmental protection product developed in recent years. The product is made of plant fibers (waste newspapers, carton paper and other plant fiber materials) and starch addition auxiliary materials. The new packaging material has the advantages of no environmental pollution, simple manufacturing process, low cost, and rich raw materials. It is an ideal substitute for foamed plastic packaging materials such as EPS. At present, at home and abroad in the research and development of plant fiber cushion packaging materials, has achieved different degrees of progress.
The process methods adopted by foreign plant fiber paper products mainly focus on adding no chemical foaming agent and foaming through the action of water vapor to form a granular foamed pulp. For example, Friedrich Prius, the founder of a company in Hamburg, Germany, used waste paper and starch as raw materials to make cushioned packaging materials. Experiments show that after the buffer material is discarded, it can be quickly decomposed by microorganisms and fungi. Its performance is better than that of EPS foam. It is not only cheap, but also does not pollute the environment. It has broad prospects for development. The United States natural starch and chemical company developed a biodegradable buffer packaging material ECO-Foam, has a good antistatic properties, good buffer performance, can replace EPS, PU and other foam plastics.
The process methods used in domestic plant fiber products are mainly focused on the use of added chemical foaming agents and foaming through the action of chemical foaming agents to form particulate foamed pulp. Due to the possible adverse effects on the environment during the production process and after use, the technology has yet to be improved and improved. Tianjin University of Economics developed a new type of cushioning material using crop stalk comminution and appropriate binders as raw materials; Wuhan Yuandong Green World used double-foamed plant fiber packaging materials made from plant starch and high-fiber filled formulas for home appliance production. Enterprises replace foam plastics.
3 Conclusion
At present, Europe, the United States, Japan, South Korea, Australia, and other regions and countries have legislation that prohibits the import of industrial products that are packaged in foam (EPS), or they have used several times more environmental taxes to limit and eliminate imported products that use foamed plastics as packaging. The so-called "green trade barriers." If you enter the German market packaging needs to apply for "green dot" sign; enter the French packaging of goods need to apply for "vertical point" sign. Therefore, the development of green packaging is in line with world consumer trends, which is conducive to breaking through international green trade barriers. At the same time, it will play a positive role in reducing the breakage rate of goods in circulation, improving the quality of packaged products, and adding value to goods.
Buffer packaging materials are disposable packaging items that are “used and thrown†and can instantly become garbage. The negative impact on the environment is obvious. At present, people's environmental protection awareness is increasingly strengthened and developed countries have formulated various "green trade barriers" under the conditions of developing green buffer packaging materials.
5R and 1D Principles for Green Buffer Packaging:
★Reduce: Reduced use of packaging materials;
★ Reuse: reuse of packaging materials;
★Recycle: recycling of packaging materials;
★Recover: Inflow recycling system for packaging materials;
★Research: Scientific research on packaging materials;
★Degradable: The degradable corrosion of packaging materials.
The green packaging material GPM (Green Package Material) is the premise of the green packaging design. At present, widely used materials are subject to the same or similar problems in accordance with the requirements of environmental protection. Only by choosing green packaging materials can we fundamentally solve the problem of coordination between products and the environment.
In the early storage and transportation packaging, people mainly used natural environmental protection materials such as shredded paper, rice straw, fine shavings and sawdust to serve as a buffer package for goods. However, in the actual use of these buffer materials, if used improperly, they may spontaneously ignite under certain conditions, and they are prone to dust, poor water resistance, easy to absorb moisture, long bugs, and even mildew, which seriously affect the buffering effect. With the development of science and technology, a series of environmentally friendly buffer packaging materials have been gradually developed. The following is a brief introduction to the green buffer packaging materials widely used in China.
2 various green cushioning packaging materials
1) Corrugated cardboard
Corrugated board is made of kraft cardboard (boardboard) as the inner surface and corrugated medium (corrugated paper) as the core. Different types of corrugated board can be obtained by changing the number of layers of the core, the inner paper, and the shape and size of the corrugated board. It has the advantages of good environmental protection performance, wide application temperature range, low cost, convenient material acquisition, mature production process, and good processing performance. The disadvantages are poor flexibility and poor resilience. For the contents, three or five layers of corrugated cardboard can be used directly as the cushion for the inner package. At the same time, corrugated board can be made into various shapes of gaskets, gaskets, spacers and liners, corner guards, guard edges, and the like. The successfully developed new type of corrugated paperboard and multi-layer paper core composite board has been successfully applied to the production of container pallets. The multi-layer paper core composite board not only has strong bending resistance, but also has characteristics such as flame retardant, water resistance, light weight, heat preservation, and sound insulation after special treatment.
2) Degradable plastic
Biodegradable plastics not only have the characteristics of traditional plastics, but also can be disintegrated and reduced in the natural world through ultraviolet rays in the sunlight or microorganisms in the soil and water after the mission is discarded. Finally, the degradable plastic is reinstated in a non-toxic and harmless form. Into the ecological environment.
In recent years, China's packaging plastics have exceeded 4 million tons. According to relevant departments' forecast, the demand for plastic packaging materials in China will reach 5 million tons in 2005. According to 30% of the disposable plastic packaging materials and products that are difficult to recycle, the amount of waste generated is 1.5 million tons, and the environmental problems caused by this will be increasingly serious.
The development of biodegradable plastics is a major trend in the development of science and technology in the world, and is one of the hot spots in the research and development of modern packaging industry materials. Now, the United States, Japan, Germany and other countries are vigorously developing new environmentally friendly packaging materials, degradable plastics. China's degradable plastics industry has developed rapidly. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 100 manufacturers engaged in the production of degradable plastics in China. For example, Nanjing Sushi Degradable Resin Chemical Co., Ltd. has recently developed a biodegradable foam plastic sheet, in which the starch content is ≥40%. , Biodegradable ingredients ≥ 60%, foaming magnification 30 times, density 0 î€ 033g/cm3, while having good environmental adaptability, can be used as precision instrumentation, high-grade electronic appliances and other buffer packaging materials.
3) Pulp molding
Pulp molding uses plant fibers such as waste newspapers and carton paper as the main raw materials, and it is quickly and uniformly deposited on a mesh model by vacuum molding, hydraulic modeling, and air compression molding, and molded into various shapes. Compaction drying results in a paper product that remains unchanged in shape for a long period of time.
Pulp molded packaging products have geometric shapes that are consistent with the appearance of the contents and have good protection effects such as shockproof, impact-proof, antistatic, and anti-corrosion. Its performance and efficacy are sufficient to replace foamed polystyrene (EPS), PS and PVC foam packaging products. Widely used in electronic, mechanical parts, industrial instruments, electrical tools, computers, home appliances, glass, ceramics and agricultural products and other industries within the lining packaging. Products of well-known domestic companies such as Konka, TCL, Midea and Kelon, as well as foreign companies such as Ericsson, Nokia, and Motorola China Ltd., have started to use pulp molding as their inner cushioning packaging materials.
The pulp molding industry has had more than 80 years of development history in some of the more developed countries, and it has begun to move toward scale and industrialization in China. The most developed and matured region for pulp molding packaging in China is the Pearl River Delta region in Guangdong, followed by East China (Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang) and Beijing-Tianjin regions. At present, China's pulp molding products, represented by pulp molding industry packaging, have taken the China pulp molding industry to a new height and become an important part of the Chinese packaging industry, especially environmental protection packaging. It can be predicted that in the near future, pulp molded products will be recognized and accepted by more and more people as environmentally-friendly green technology products.
4) Honeycomb paperboard
Honeycomb paperboard is a new type of paper which is made of paper honeycomb with a honeycomb structure as a base, and cardboard and single corrugated paperboard are attached on both sides of the honeycomb paperboard. Honeycomb paperboard has the least material consumption, light weight, low cost, high strength and rigidity, better space structure than corrugated paperboard, and has many excellent properties such as buffer vibration isolation, thermal insulation, sound insulation and so on. After special treatment, it can also be fire-retardant, moisture-proof and waterproof, so it is really a good and inexpensive plate. Honeycomb paperboard is a new type of packaging material developed in recent years. The application of honeycomb paperboard in packaging mainly includes honeycomb paper box, cushion liner, honeycomb paper core and honeycomb tray.
Honeycomb cardboard has become a new type of green packaging material that saves resources and protects the environment in developed countries and regions such as the Netherlands, the United States, and Japan. In recent years, relevant departments of national ministries and commissions have attached importance to and supported the research, development and application of honeycomb paperboard materials. The 1998 "Cattle Beetle Incident" prompted the Chinese government to propose emergency measures to replace wood packaging with honeycomb paperboard packaging. In 1999, the “Research on the Development of China's Green Packaging Industry and Planning Study†compiled by the Department of Comprehensive Utilization and Environmental Protection of the State Economic and Trade Commission’s Department of Resources clearly identified honeycomb paperboard as an extension development plan. China National Packaging Technology Association's national "Tenth Five-Year Plan" packaging industry planning tasks and objectives also clearly pointed out: Export mechanical and electrical products to solve the problem of wood replacement during the "10th Five-Year" period, accelerate the research, development and application of honeycomb paperboard and wood. Household appliance companies represented by Haier, Hisense, Changhong, Kelon, Midea, and Gree have begun to use honeycomb paperboard instead of white foam as the inner lining material.
5) Plant fiber cushioning packaging materials
Plant fiber cushion packaging material is a new type of green environmental protection product developed in recent years. The product is made of plant fibers (waste newspapers, carton paper and other plant fiber materials) and starch addition auxiliary materials. The new packaging material has the advantages of no environmental pollution, simple manufacturing process, low cost, and rich raw materials. It is an ideal substitute for foamed plastic packaging materials such as EPS. At present, at home and abroad in the research and development of plant fiber cushion packaging materials, has achieved different degrees of progress.
The process methods adopted by foreign plant fiber paper products mainly focus on adding no chemical foaming agent and foaming through the action of water vapor to form a granular foamed pulp. For example, Friedrich Prius, the founder of a company in Hamburg, Germany, used waste paper and starch as raw materials to make cushioned packaging materials. Experiments show that after the buffer material is discarded, it can be quickly decomposed by microorganisms and fungi. Its performance is better than that of EPS foam. It is not only cheap, but also does not pollute the environment. It has broad prospects for development. The United States natural starch and chemical company developed a biodegradable buffer packaging material ECO-Foam, has a good antistatic properties, good buffer performance, can replace EPS, PU and other foam plastics.
The process methods used in domestic plant fiber products are mainly focused on the use of added chemical foaming agents and foaming through the action of chemical foaming agents to form particulate foamed pulp. Due to the possible adverse effects on the environment during the production process and after use, the technology has yet to be improved and improved. Tianjin University of Economics developed a new type of cushioning material using crop stalk comminution and appropriate binders as raw materials; Wuhan Yuandong Green World used double-foamed plant fiber packaging materials made from plant starch and high-fiber filled formulas for home appliance production. Enterprises replace foam plastics.
3 Conclusion
At present, Europe, the United States, Japan, South Korea, Australia, and other regions and countries have legislation that prohibits the import of industrial products that are packaged in foam (EPS), or they have used several times more environmental taxes to limit and eliminate imported products that use foamed plastics as packaging. The so-called "green trade barriers." If you enter the German market packaging needs to apply for "green dot" sign; enter the French packaging of goods need to apply for "vertical point" sign. Therefore, the development of green packaging is in line with world consumer trends, which is conducive to breaking through international green trade barriers. At the same time, it will play a positive role in reducing the breakage rate of goods in circulation, improving the quality of packaged products, and adding value to goods.
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