Fourth, the substrate
Substrates are the general term for various substances that can accept ink or absorb colorants and present graphics. With the increase in the number of printed matters, the substrates used in printing include all kinds of paper, plastic films, wood, fabrics, metals, ceramics, and so on. At present, the largest amount of paper and plastic film.
(a) Composition of paper
Paper is composed of fibers, fillers, compounds and pigments.
Fiber is the basic component of paper, mainly plant fibers. Commonly used plant fibers are cotton, hemp, wood, reeds, straw, wheat straw and so on.
Filler fills the voids between the fibers, smoothing the paper, while increasing the paper's opacity and whiteness. Common fillers are: talc, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide and so on.
The role of rubber is to make the paper resistant to the penetration of fluids and the ability of the fluid to spread across the paper surface. Commonly used rubber compounds are rosin, polyvinyl alcohol, starch and so on.
The addition of colorants can correct or change the color of the paper. Such as: adding ultramarine blue, blue can get more white paper.
The manufacture of paper is divided into two major steps: pulping and papermaking. There are two methods of pulping: one is mechanical pulping, which generally uses wood as raw material and uses a machine to grind the wood. The other is chemical pulping, made mostly from cotton, linen, straw or other raw materials. That is, cotton, hemp, straw and other fibers are cut into small pieces, placed in a digester, added with an acid or alkali solution, then steamed and steamed, rinsed with fresh water, sieved and put into a pulper, and the fibers are made into a broom-like shape. To increase the internal pull of the paper. The prepared pulp is placed in a papermaking machine and is subjected to a series of processes such as dehydration, drying, calendering and the like, and becomes paper, which can be shipped after crimping or cutting. Some advanced papers can be reprocessed.
(b) Classification of paper
Paper is used for a wide variety of applications including industrial paper, packaging paper, household paper, and cultural paper. Among the cultural papers are writing paper, art and drawing paper, and printing paper. Printing paper is generally classified into newsprint, letterpress, offset, coated and specialty papers.
Newsprint. Also known as white newspapers. Soft texture, strong ink absorption, and a certain degree of tensile strength, but poor water resistance, easy to yellow, become brittle. Mainly print newspapers and periodicals.
Letterpress paper. It is special paper for letterpress printing. Uniform texture, white color, slightly water-resistant, not easy to yellow and brittle. Mainly printed books and magazines.
Offset paper. It is a higher-grade printing paper. Close texture, smooth paper, high opacity and whiteness, strong water resistance, suitable for lithography. The main print books and covers, magazine inserts, pictorials, trademarks and sites.
Coated paper. Also known as coated paper, it is coated with a layer of white paint on the surface of the base paper, and then it is further processed by calendering or supercalendering. The base paper is a non-coating paper such as offset paper or letterpress paper. High surface smoothness, white color, strong water resistance. Suitable for printing higher-level albums, book inserts, calendars, greeting cards and so on. In recent years, Yuanguang Coated Paper has been widely used in printing. Matte coated paper refers to the coated paper that has been reduced in gloss and processed into a smooth surface. The pictures and magazines printed with it often give people a sense of elegance. For long-term reading, the eyes will not feel tired due to the absence of high light stimulus. Printing prints with ornamental value.
Specialty paper. Refers to papers with special features that are suitable for special purpose. Some of them are made by applying chemical reagents to the slurry, while others are made by secondary processing of the base paper.
The appearance of special paper is significantly different from the appearance of commonly used coated paper and offset paper. Most papers have stripes or patterns on the surface, some papers have high smoothness, some papers have excellent transparency, and some paper surfaces are lumps of fluff. The change in color. Usually used to print business cards, invitations, exquisite greeting cards, restaurants, hotel menus, etc. Its prints are dense, luxurious, and sophisticated.
In recent years, with the rapid development of the chemical industry, the use of synthetic paper in printing has continued to increase. The so-called synthetic paper is a synthetic polymer material that is a main raw material and is used to print paper that is imparted with printing properties by processing. It features light weight, folding resistance, wear resistance and moisture resistance. The manufacture of synthetic paper does not require natural fibers and is conducive to environmental protection. It is a kind of printing paper with a promising future.
(3) Specifications of paper
The specifications of the paper include the size of the paper and the weight of the paper.
1. The size of the paper
The size of printing paper is divided into two types: lithographic paper and web.
The format size of the lithographic paper is: 800mm × 1230mm, 850mm × 1168mm, 787mm × 1092mm. The allowable deviation of paper web is ±3mm. Paper that meets the above specifications is either full or full. 880mm×1230mm is the international standard size of A series.
The length of the web is generally a roll of 6000m, and the width dimension is 1575mm, 1562mm, 880mm. 850mm, 1092mm787mm and so on. The allowable deviation of web width is ±3mmm.
2. The weight of the paper
The weight of the paper is expressed in terms of weight and weight.
Quantitative is the weight of paper per unit area in g/m2, ie grammage per square meter. The commonly used paper basis weight is 50g/m2, 60g/m2, 70g/m2, 80g/m2, 100g/m2, 120g/m2, 150g/m2 and so on. The larger the quantification, the thicker the paper. The basis weight is 250g/m2, the following is paper, and more than 250g/m2 is cardboard.
The total weight of paper for each order, in kilograms. 1 Order 500 sheets, each size is the standard size, ie full sheet or full sheet.
According to the paper's weight and size, the following formula can be used to calculate the weight.
Ream weight (kg) = width of the paper (m2) × 500 × grammage (g/m2) ÷ 1000
Substrates are the general term for various substances that can accept ink or absorb colorants and present graphics. With the increase in the number of printed matters, the substrates used in printing include all kinds of paper, plastic films, wood, fabrics, metals, ceramics, and so on. At present, the largest amount of paper and plastic film.
(a) Composition of paper
Paper is composed of fibers, fillers, compounds and pigments.
Fiber is the basic component of paper, mainly plant fibers. Commonly used plant fibers are cotton, hemp, wood, reeds, straw, wheat straw and so on.
Filler fills the voids between the fibers, smoothing the paper, while increasing the paper's opacity and whiteness. Common fillers are: talc, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide and so on.
The role of rubber is to make the paper resistant to the penetration of fluids and the ability of the fluid to spread across the paper surface. Commonly used rubber compounds are rosin, polyvinyl alcohol, starch and so on.
The addition of colorants can correct or change the color of the paper. Such as: adding ultramarine blue, blue can get more white paper.
The manufacture of paper is divided into two major steps: pulping and papermaking. There are two methods of pulping: one is mechanical pulping, which generally uses wood as raw material and uses a machine to grind the wood. The other is chemical pulping, made mostly from cotton, linen, straw or other raw materials. That is, cotton, hemp, straw and other fibers are cut into small pieces, placed in a digester, added with an acid or alkali solution, then steamed and steamed, rinsed with fresh water, sieved and put into a pulper, and the fibers are made into a broom-like shape. To increase the internal pull of the paper. The prepared pulp is placed in a papermaking machine and is subjected to a series of processes such as dehydration, drying, calendering and the like, and becomes paper, which can be shipped after crimping or cutting. Some advanced papers can be reprocessed.
(b) Classification of paper
Paper is used for a wide variety of applications including industrial paper, packaging paper, household paper, and cultural paper. Among the cultural papers are writing paper, art and drawing paper, and printing paper. Printing paper is generally classified into newsprint, letterpress, offset, coated and specialty papers.
Newsprint. Also known as white newspapers. Soft texture, strong ink absorption, and a certain degree of tensile strength, but poor water resistance, easy to yellow, become brittle. Mainly print newspapers and periodicals.
Letterpress paper. It is special paper for letterpress printing. Uniform texture, white color, slightly water-resistant, not easy to yellow and brittle. Mainly printed books and magazines.
Offset paper. It is a higher-grade printing paper. Close texture, smooth paper, high opacity and whiteness, strong water resistance, suitable for lithography. The main print books and covers, magazine inserts, pictorials, trademarks and sites.
Coated paper. Also known as coated paper, it is coated with a layer of white paint on the surface of the base paper, and then it is further processed by calendering or supercalendering. The base paper is a non-coating paper such as offset paper or letterpress paper. High surface smoothness, white color, strong water resistance. Suitable for printing higher-level albums, book inserts, calendars, greeting cards and so on. In recent years, Yuanguang Coated Paper has been widely used in printing. Matte coated paper refers to the coated paper that has been reduced in gloss and processed into a smooth surface. The pictures and magazines printed with it often give people a sense of elegance. For long-term reading, the eyes will not feel tired due to the absence of high light stimulus. Printing prints with ornamental value.
Specialty paper. Refers to papers with special features that are suitable for special purpose. Some of them are made by applying chemical reagents to the slurry, while others are made by secondary processing of the base paper.
The appearance of special paper is significantly different from the appearance of commonly used coated paper and offset paper. Most papers have stripes or patterns on the surface, some papers have high smoothness, some papers have excellent transparency, and some paper surfaces are lumps of fluff. The change in color. Usually used to print business cards, invitations, exquisite greeting cards, restaurants, hotel menus, etc. Its prints are dense, luxurious, and sophisticated.
In recent years, with the rapid development of the chemical industry, the use of synthetic paper in printing has continued to increase. The so-called synthetic paper is a synthetic polymer material that is a main raw material and is used to print paper that is imparted with printing properties by processing. It features light weight, folding resistance, wear resistance and moisture resistance. The manufacture of synthetic paper does not require natural fibers and is conducive to environmental protection. It is a kind of printing paper with a promising future.
(3) Specifications of paper
The specifications of the paper include the size of the paper and the weight of the paper.
1. The size of the paper
The size of printing paper is divided into two types: lithographic paper and web.
The format size of the lithographic paper is: 800mm × 1230mm, 850mm × 1168mm, 787mm × 1092mm. The allowable deviation of paper web is ±3mm. Paper that meets the above specifications is either full or full. 880mm×1230mm is the international standard size of A series.
The length of the web is generally a roll of 6000m, and the width dimension is 1575mm, 1562mm, 880mm. 850mm, 1092mm787mm and so on. The allowable deviation of web width is ±3mmm.
2. The weight of the paper
The weight of the paper is expressed in terms of weight and weight.
Quantitative is the weight of paper per unit area in g/m2, ie grammage per square meter. The commonly used paper basis weight is 50g/m2, 60g/m2, 70g/m2, 80g/m2, 100g/m2, 120g/m2, 150g/m2 and so on. The larger the quantification, the thicker the paper. The basis weight is 250g/m2, the following is paper, and more than 250g/m2 is cardboard.
The total weight of paper for each order, in kilograms. 1 Order 500 sheets, each size is the standard size, ie full sheet or full sheet.
According to the paper's weight and size, the following formula can be used to calculate the weight.
Ream weight (kg) = width of the paper (m2) × 500 × grammage (g/m2) ÷ 1000
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