According to a recent report by the American Physicists Organization Network, physicists at the University of California San Diego have developed a new type of X-ray microscope that not only can see through the internal structure of the material, but also has a subtle insight to the nano level. The microscope helps to develop smaller data storage devices, detect the chemical composition of substances, and photograph the structure of biological tissues. The research paper was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
X-ray nanomicroscopes do not use lenses to image, but rely on powerful algorithmic programs to calculate images. "This kind of mathematical operation method is quite complicated, and its principle is a bit like the Hubble Space Telescope, which is to make the blurred image seen at first clear and vivid." Oreg Sharpeke, associate professor of the University of California San Diego leading the research After X-rays detect the nanostructure of the substance, a diffraction pattern is generated, and the computer converts this diffraction pattern into a recognizable fine image according to the algorithm.
In order to test the ability and resolution of the microscope through the object, the research team made a layered film using gadolinium and iron. At present, the information technology industry uses such films to develop high-capacity, high-speed, smaller memory devices and disk drives.
"These two are magnetic materials, and if they are combined into one, they will naturally form nano-domains." Shapek said that under the microscope, they can see the magnetic stripes they form. The layered gadolinium iron film looks like a thousand-layer crisp, and the layers of folds form a series of magnetic domains, just like the protrusions of a circle of fingerprints.
"This is the first time that magnetic domains can be observed at the nanometer scale, and no lens is required." Shapek explained that this is critical to the development of smaller data storage devices. Magnetic bits can be made smaller, that is, It is said to make the magnetic grains thinner, so that materials with smaller magnetic domains can be developed, and more data can be stored in a smaller space.
"On the surface of the current disk, one magnetic bit is about 15 nanometers in size. Our microscope can directly capture the bit position, which opens up new space for expanding future data storage capabilities." The paper co-author, the school's electrical and computer Said Eric Fullerton, a professor of engineering and a magnetic recording research center.
In addition, the microscope can also be used in other fields. By adjusting the energy of X-ray, it can also be used to observe what elements are inside the material, which is very important chemically. In the field of biology, photographing viruses, cells, and various tissues with X-rays is much better than photographing with visible light.
Shapek said that in the field of computer engineering, we hope to create new magnetic materials and data storage devices in a controlled manner; in the biological and chemical fields, we can manipulate substances at the nano level. To achieve these goals, we must understand the properties of materials from the nanometer level, and X-ray microscopy technology allows people to truly see the inside of the substance at the nanometer level.
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