The genetic stability of living organisms lies in the genome, and the functional diversity lies in the proteome. The proteome is a collection of several proteins, and its principle of composition, that is, the overall distribution of its abundance, is a major theoretical issue. The research team of the Institute of Radiation and Radiation Medicine of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing Proteomics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics and Fudan University Biomedical Research Institute led by Academician He Fuchu recently revealed the overall distribution of protein abundance among multiple species There is a regular relationship with the evolution, structure and function of proteins, and the results were published online on March 9, 2012 in PLoS ONE.
Various phenomena in nature have their own laws of restriction, and the representation of living bodies is no exception. As one of the key executors of life activities, its importance is self-evident. Proteomics research shows that not only thousands to tens of thousands of proteins are expressed in cells, but the abundance difference is up to 6 orders of magnitude. Is such a huge difference randomly generated, or is there an essential regulation law? The scientific research team led by Academician He Fuchu explored this interesting phenomenon. The team selected 6 representative species (Escherichia coli, yeast, nematodes, fruit flies, mice, humans) that are representative in the entire evolutionary history of life, and combined their quantitative proteome data, and finally found that Three universal laws of the overall distribution of protein abundance:
1) In evolution, protein abundance is positively correlated with its origin time and sequence conservation; 2) from a structural perspective, protein abundance is negatively correlated with the number of domains, and positively correlated with the coverage of its domains; 3) protein Function determines its abundance: the protein that participates in the basic material flow is higher than the protein that regulates the flow of fine information.
The disclosure of the distribution law of protein abundance is of great theoretical significance for the in-depth understanding of the principles of protein composition of life, and it also provides an effective practical model for the massive data to knowledge induction.
The important goal of natural science is to discover universal laws and principles. Its universal development paradigm is: from the accumulation of large amounts of data to the continuous discovery of empirical laws, which in turn leads to new doctrines and theories. In the field of life sciences, recent omics research has led to the "big bang" accumulation of massive data, such as systematic combing, induction, and synthesis without rational conditions (just like the cytology and evolution theory in the nineteenth century, 20 Century's genetic theory) will inevitably form "catastrophic" wild mining. The discovery of four molecular evolution regularities nearly 20 years ago, the discovery of biomolecular network organization regularity 5 years ago, the selection of 20 amino acids in living organisms, reports on solutions for once and for all distribution of isoelectric points of proteins in cells, and not long ago The discovery of the "regular utilization pattern of the characteristic factors of protein domains of biological complexity" proves that the current life science field urgently needs systematic data mining, and initially shows the effectiveness of such attempts. This article is a successful example of meta-analysis and deep mining method systems applied to proteomics data, which provides methods and ideas for more reasonable and effective use of omics data for theoretical biological research in the future.
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