Color reproduction is an important task for plate-making and printing. For a long time, the color inconsistency among various links such as manuscript, display, proofing, and printing has caused great confusion to users. The color that the user sees on the screen is completely different after printing, or the printed product and the color of the sample proof are inconsistent, causing unnecessary disputes between the merchant and the customer. This situation has plagued the industry for many years, until the introduction of color management, so that people see the hope of changing this situation.
There are a variety of color devices, such as scanners, digital cameras, monitors, printers, printing presses, etc., different types of devices, even the same type of different models of devices, have different performances in color. For example, different scanners scan the same manuscript with different results, and different monitors display the same image differently, not to mention the difference in ink and paper, which causes the color difference of the printed product, which is the fundamental cause of this difference. The reason is that each device represents color in its own color space. In other words, the definition of color is related to the device. For example, the RGB value of a color is defined, which is suitable for a certain display of the user. When the same When the value is passed to another display, the resulting color effect may change. The reason is that when a color is transferred from one device to another, the conversion between color spaces does not perform a good color match.
The mode of color management is: from a color in a device color space, combined with the device's characteristic file is converted to the intermediary color space, and then combined with the target device's characteristic file, and then converted into the target device color space. In this process, the color space independent of the device is used as an intermediary, thereby ensuring the consistency of colors.
From this we can summarize three elements of color management:
(1) There must be a device-independent color space as an intermediary for color conversion between different devices.
(2) There must be a standard specification for each device to describe its color characteristics and parameters.
(3) There must be an accurate conversion algorithm to achieve the conversion of colors between different spaces.
In order to standardize the standard of color management, the International Cocor Consortium has established the ICC standard, which is supported by the majority of manufacturers today. The ICC specification is the result of negotiations between many manufacturers and has nothing to do with the device and platform. It describes the method of conversion between the device color space and the intermediary color space.
The formulation of the ICC specification is an element of color management that has been clarified.
(1) The color space used as an intermediary is CIE XYZ or CIE Lab.
(2) The file format describing the color characteristics of the device is the format specified by the ICC. For CMYK type devices, the ICC file usually stores a multi-dimensional lookup table; for RGB type devices, the ICC text usually stores the conversion algorithm between RGB and CIE Lab.
(3) The color matching algorithm is completed by the manufacturer according to the ICC standard.
As an example of digital proofing, let's take a look at how color management works. There is a color value suitable for printing (CMYK). According to the ICC characteristic file of the printing environment, we can calculate the visual chromaticity value after printing (CIE Lab). Now, according to the ICC characteristic file of the color printer, we can calculate this (CIE Lab) Another set of (CMYK) colors required by the color, this set of (CMYK) value is definitely different from the original (CMYK) value, but after output by this color printer, you will get the same visual effect as printing , That is, with the same (CIE Lab) chromaticity value.
The implementation of color management requires a stable color environment. If the result of digital proofing is required to be consistent with the printing result, then the premise is that the printing environment must be stable, and some units with less stringent quality control have not done well enough. If the display, proofing and printing are required to be consistent with the original, then the premise is that the quality of the original must be guaranteed. Foreign countries strictly abide by the principle of color reproduction. If the original manuscript is poor and the quality of the finished product is not high, the plate maker has no responsibility and the customer will not be held accountable. This is very difficult in China, because the quality of the originals is uneven, and the customer's requirement for the platemaker is not to be faithful to the reproduction of the originals, but to improve the quality on the basis of the originals. Under such realistic conditions, the implementation of the so-called full-color management will not achieve the desired results. Some domestic manufacturers have realized this problem, they are accumulating and analyzing the characteristics of domestic manuscripts, hoping to be able to classify domestic manuscripts, and summarize the scanning color separation parameters of each type of manuscripts, under such premise, implement full-color Management makes sense.
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