The emergence and development of a technology or process is closely related to the background of the times and market needs. Rice paper Printing technology, printing technology as a special category, because of convergence with the dual role of ancient art and the spread of modern civilization, and therefore at this stage has been widely used and developed.
The application of rice paper printing technology entered a boom period
According to TEFAF's 2014 Global Art Market Report, the global art market transaction volume reached an all-time high in 2014, exceeding 51 billion euros, a year-on-year increase of 7%. China has ranked second in the global art market for two consecutive years, accounting for 24% of the global art market. The "2014 China Auction Association Industry Management Status and 2015 Outlook" report also pointed out that the Chinese art market demand structure is undergoing profound changes, the art market is diversified, and the mass consumer market continues to grow. At the press conference in the fourth quarter of 2015, officials from the Ministry of Culture concluded that Chinese cultural consumption is maintaining a rapid growth trend.
According to the law of international economic development, when a country's per capita GDP reaches 1,000 to 2,000 US dollars, the purchasing power of art is started; when the per capita GDP reaches 8,000 US dollars, the art market enters a prosperous period. As of the end of 2014, China's 82 cities had a per capita GDP of more than US$10,000, which means that the Chinese art market has entered a period of stable prosperity.
Although the Chinese art collection market has indeed declined in recent years, from a global perspective, China's art collections have a tendency to spread from high-end wealth groups to the masses. The main market for art transactions is also from high cold. "Transfer to the people" "small pieces." Due to the policies of the state and governments at all levels, the future cultural industry will become a new economic growth point, and the prosperity of art trade and cultural markets indicates that the era of mass art consumption has arrived. These trends will lead to the development of a high simulation copying market for painting and calligraphy in the Chinese mass art consumer market. Rice paper printing technology will also be more widely used in high simulation copying business.
Exploring the status quo of rice paper printing technology
1. The concept of rice paper printing technology
Rice paper printing includes pre-press, printing, post-press processing and other processes. Rice paper printing technology is a method of copying, texting, applying ink, pressing, etc. of text and image originals to transfer the ink onto the surface of a special substrate such as rice paper, and copying the original contents in batches.
2. Application of rice paper printing technology
Xuan paper is famous for its skin, such as film, firm as jade, and thin and smooth. It has the characteristics of light and soft, pure texture, frustration, ink repellent and strong permeability. It is widely used in traditional Chinese painting and calligraphy. However, these characteristics make traditional rice paper without special treatment difficult to use because printing paper has strict properties such as water content, smoothness, ink absorption, surface strength, elasticity and plasticity, whiteness and gloss. Requirements.
Even with specially processed paper for printing, the requirements for printing technology are relatively high. Therefore, the application of rice paper printing technology is mainly for high-efficiency reproduction and printing of genealogy, local history, ancient books, calligraphy and rubbings, and production of albums. , product brochures and other promotional items and cultural gifts such as letterheads and postcards.
3. Types of rice paper printing technology
The rice paper printing technology mainly has a woodblock watermark, Offset printing , ç‚罗版, Types such as inkjet printing technology.
(1) Woodblock watermarking technology
The woodblock watermark is a unique printmaking technique in China. Ink and pigment are printed on woodcut plates. It is one of the traditional Chinese engraving methods. It is mainly used to create high-simulation reproductions of traditional Chinese prints and calligraphy and paintings, also known as “woodcut watermark printsâ€. Woodblock watermarking technology is divided into three processes: tracing, engraving and printing. First, design the layout according to the original, thicken the original on the transparent polyester sheet or celluloid film, accurately draw the manuscript on the geese paper according to the outline of the ink line; then paste it on the flat pear board or other finely textured wood boards. Use different knives and knives to engrave the line version, the dry version or the lithography; finally, select the appropriate materials and pigments, brush the ink and color onto the already carved wood, and then overprint it onto the rice paper as needed. On other substrates. Unlike modern ink printing, wood-based watermarking technology mostly uses mineral pigments for color printing, which makes the color prints rich in layers and colorful. Since this skill is always based on manual work, there are difficulties such as lack of successor and high operating costs in the market. Fortunately, in 2006, the technology was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage, which was well protected and inherited.
(2) Rice paper offset printing technology
Xuan paper offset printing technology is divided into water offset printing and waterless offset printing:
a. Traditional water offset printing technology. The technology needs to first carry out the paper towel and surface treatment (or use the pre-prepared paper for printing), for the enterprise Screening technology and operator technical requirements are higher. The offset printing method of Xuan paper calligraphy and painting, the process includes three parts: plate making, rice paper processing and offset printing. The characteristic is that in the computer making process in the plate making process, the characteristics of the calligraphy and painting are changed, and the color and the level of the basic coloring in the previous plate making process are changed. At the same time, the main color selects 45 degree screen angle, and the auxiliary color selects 15 degree, 75 degree, 0 degree, 90 degree screen angle.
In order to make the rice paper meet the requirements of offset printing, spray the water on the rice paper before printing. The water spray volume is controlled at 50-60 ml per square meter, and then under the condition of temperature of 110 ° C and pressure of 4 to 6 kg per square centimeter. Heating and pressing for 3 to 4 minutes; in offset printing, the color version is printed with a small dot area, the spot color is printed, and the ink flow is maintained at 32 to 40 mm, while the printing plate and the blanket cylinder are The compression amount is maintained at 0.07 to 0.12 mm, the compression amount of the blanket cylinder and the impression cylinder is maintained at 0.13 to 0.25 mm, the printing speed is selected to be 3000 to 5000 rpm, the temperature is controlled at 18 to 24 ° C, and the relative humidity is maintained at 40%. ~65% for printing. At present, the rice paper offset printing technology has been applied for national patents, and is owned by Sino-Indian Han Moxuan (Beijing) Culture Co., Ltd. (formerly known as China Printing Corporation's Simulation and Reproduction Department).
b. Waterless offset printing technology. This technique refers to a lithographic method in which a silicone rubber layer which is ink-repellent is used as a blank portion of a printing plate, which does not require dampening, and is printed by a special ink. The blank portion of the printing plate (non-printing area) is an ink-repellent silicone rubber coating, and the printing plate image portion (printing area) is a photosensitive resin. When printing, there is no need to use water as a medium for ink balance control, which avoids the problem of ink emulsification. The advantages of waterless offset printing technology are twofold: First, rice paper can be printed directly without treatment; second, printing quality is better, because no water is used. Network printing dot reproducibility better, the number of lines and can achieve higher contrast can be obtained a good color performance. However, because waterless offset printing requires special plates and inks, and Printing equipment also requires the installation of professional temperature control devices, so this technology has always been difficult to replace the water offset printing technology.
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