Chapter 2 Adhesion Molecules
Adhesion molecules (adhesion molecules) refer to a type of molecules produced by cells, present on the surface of cells, and mediating the contact and binding between cells or between cells and matrix. Adhesion molecules are mostly glycoproteins, and a few are glycolipids, distributed on the cell surface or extracellular matrix (ECM). Adhesion molecules act in a form corresponding to ligand-receptor, leading to cell-cell, cell-matrix or cell-matrix-cell adhesion, participating in cell signal transduction and activation, cell stretching and A series of important physiological and pathological processes such as migration, cell growth and differentiation, inflammation, thrombosis, tumor metastasis, and wound healing.
People have long known the phenomenon of mutual contact and adhesion between cells. Since the 1980s, the development and application of monoclonal antibody human ELISA kit technology and molecular biology technology has greatly promoted the study of adhesion molecules, allowing people to propose the concept of adhesion molecules at the molecular level, and gradually Understand its mechanism of action. At present, dozens of adhesion molecules have been successfully cloned, forming a large family of adhesion molecules. Due to the extensive and important biological functions of adhesion molecules, it has received widespread attention in cell biology, molecular biology, immunology, pathophysiology, oncology, and other life science fields. At the International Symposium on Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens, adhesion molecules have been separately classified as a group of new antigens. This chapter mainly introduces the types and structure of adhesion molecules, the regulation of adhesion molecule expression, the function of adhesion molecules and soluble adhesion molecules.
Section 1 Type and structure of adhesion molecules
According to the structural characteristics of adhesion molecules, they can be divided into the following four categories: (1) adhesion molecules of the adhesion family (integrin family); (2) adhesion of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IGSF) Molecule; (3) lectin family (selectin family); (4) calcium ion-dependent cell adhesion molecule family (Ca2 +-dependent cell adhesion molecule family) adhesion molecule or Cadherin. In addition, there are some other unclassified adhesion molecules.
1. The Adhesin Superfamily
Domestic translation of integrin into cohesin, human ELISA kit integrin, etc., this book is temporarily named cohesin. Integrin is a concept originally proposed in 1986. It describes a family of membrane receptors. The adhesion molecules in this family mainly mediate the adhesion of cells to the extracellular matrix, allowing the cells to attach to form an integration. In addition, adhesion molecules in the adhesin family also mediate the adhesion of leukocytes to vascular endothelial cells.
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