China Educational Equipment Procurement Network News: According to recent news from the American Physicists Organization Network, Swedish and Spanish scientists have jointly developed the first router to work at the single-photon level. Scientists say that this single-photon router can serve as a quantum node in the quantum information network in the future, providing it with basic data processing and routing.
The research team led by physicists Pel Daising and Chris Wilson of Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden completed the study in collaboration with scientists from the Spanish National Research Council.
Compared with electrons, it is more difficult to control and guide photons, mainly because photons do not have the strong interaction as electrons. Therefore, most current routers use electrons. However, an important requirement of quantum tunnels is that particles can distribute data over long distances, and photons "born" can travel farther than other quantum systems such as atoms. Therefore, using photons as information carriers in quantum information networks is better .
To build this single-photon router, scientists used a superconducting qubit (the smallest unit of information in a quantum computer) as an "artificial atom" (although this qubit is actually composed of several atoms, it has discrete energy states, Like a real single atom). Next, scientists coupled this qubit to a one-dimensional transmission line along which microwave photons can travel. Later, scientists continued to apply a weak photon probe on it, sometimes supplementing with a stronger control pulse. Without this strong control pulse, the artificial atom will reflect the incident photon, and the incident photon will travel to output port 1. When this intense control pulse appears, it causes an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) phenomenon, causing atoms to become transparent to this weak probe beam, causing photons to travel to output port 2. In this way, scientists can direct incident photons to one of the two output ports.
Dai Xin said that this is the first router to work on a single photon level, and its extinction efficiency can reach 99.6%, which shows that photons can be effectively coupled to the router and controlled well. Moreover, its switching time (the time for incident photons to switch from one port to another) is only a few nanoseconds. In addition, this router can be easily expanded to have more output ports, which is essential for its use as a quantum dot.
Dai Xin pointed out that in addition to being mainly used in future quantum computer networks, such routers are also very useful for research. For example, they can be used to distribute photons from a single photon source to several experiments on the same chip, allowing scientists to use the same Beam of light for more experiments.
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