The football field is a rectangular playing area, with the longer sides referred to as the touchlines and the shorter sides known as the goal lines. Both goal lines must be between 50 to 100 yards in length and must be equal. The touchlines should also be of equal length, ranging from 100 to 130 yards. All lines on the field must have a consistent width, not exceeding 12 cm.
For international matches, the field dimensions are strictly regulated by the International Football Association Board (IFAB). The standard size for an international stadium is 100 to 110 meters long and 65 to 75 meters wide. These specifications ensure that the pitch meets global standards for professional play. For regular or non-international games, the dimensions can be more flexible, with lengths between 90 to 120 meters and widths between 45 to 90 meters.
To help players and fans understand the layout of the field, key markings are essential. The halfway line divides the field into two halves, with the center spot located at its midpoint. This is where the game begins with a kickoff. A central circle with a radius of 9.15 meters surrounds the center spot, and during kickoffs, only the player taking the kick and the goalkeeper may remain inside this circle.
Corner flags, which stand at least 1.5 meters high, mark each corner of the field. They help determine whether a ball has gone out of bounds along the touchline or if it's a corner kick. A quarter-circle with a 1-meter radius, called the corner arc, is drawn near each corner flag.
The goal itself consists of two vertical posts and a crossbar, with the distance between the inner edges of the posts being 7.3 meters (8 yards) and the bottom of the posts 2.44 meters (2.6 yards) above the ground. A net is often placed behind the goal, though it’s not mandatory for all matches.
Two restricted areas exist in front of the goal: the goal area (5.5 meters wide) and the penalty area (16.5 meters wide). The penalty area allows goalkeepers to handle the ball, and any foul committed within it results in a penalty kick. The penalty spot, located 11 meters from the goal, marks the position from which the penalty kick is taken. An arc, 9.15 meters from the spot, ensures that other players stay outside during the kick.
In terms of gameplay, a standard match lasts 90 minutes, split into two 45-minute halves, with a 15-minute halftime break. If the score is tied after 90 minutes, extra time is played, consisting of two 15-minute halves. If the result remains unchanged, a penalty shootout determines the winner.
Each team has 11 players on the field, with three substitutes allowed per match. Players who are substituted cannot return to the game. Referees can issue yellow cards for less severe fouls, and two yellow cards result in a one-game suspension. A red card leads to immediate ejection, and the player cannot be replaced, leaving the team with one fewer player for the remainder of the match.
Other key rules include corner kicks, awarded when the defending team last touches the ball before it crosses the goal line. A penalty kick is given when an attacking player is fouled inside the penalty area. Offside occurs when an attacking player is beyond the second-to-last defender without the ball.
Understanding these rules and field dimensions helps players and fans appreciate the structure and strategy involved in football.
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