The melt-blown nonwoven fabric is a kind of polymer one-step fabric forming technology, which started in the early 1950s. At the time, the US Naval Laboratory, under government funding, had to develop a filter material with ultra-fine filtering effect in order to collect radioactive particles in the upper atmosphere. After several years of hard work, the research team successfully invented a process that can be called the pioneer of melt-blown woven fabrics today, which can produce ultra-fine filter materials. In the mid-1960s, Exxon also began to study the technology of melt-blown nonwoven fabrics, and successfully produced ultrafine fibers five years later. Some other companies have also developed their own melt-blown nonwoven technologies, such as the US 3M, German Freeberry, Japan's Asahi Kasei, NKK and other companies.
As early as in the mid-1970s, my country started the research on meltblown nonwoven fabric technology by the Shanghai Institute of Textile Science. It took only two years to successfully test polypropylene meltblown nonwoven fabrics. After a few years, meltblown nonwoven fabrics were tested. The technology is popularized and applied in some areas of China, and dozens of simple domestic melt-blown nonwoven production lines are put into use.
In the 1990s, China's Tianjin, Anhui, and Jiangsu introduced melt-blown nonwoven fabric technology and equipment, which further promoted the application of China's melt-blown nonwoven fabric in the field of filtration.
Filter material is the earliest application field of polypropylene melt-blown nonwoven fabrics. The demand for new filter materials has promoted the development of polypropylene melt-blown nonwoven fabrics. At present, the filter material is still the largest application field of polypropylene melt-blown nonwoven fabrics. Melt blown non-woven fabrics are used in the world for filter materials of about 20,000 tons per year, mainly used for gas and liquid filtration, of which liquid filtration accounts for 65% Gas filtration accounts for 35%.
Air filtration With the rapid development of modern industry, the cleanliness requirements of the environment are getting higher and higher. To achieve a high level of air cleanliness, filter materials with superior performance are required. At present, most filters such as high-efficiency and sub-high-efficiency filters still use glass fiber filter paper. Although they have the advantage of efficiently capturing fine particles, due to their dense structure and small and small pores, they cause high filtration resistance, and also due to the resistance The wrinkle ability is extremely poor, which affects the service life of the filter material. The deadliest point is that it cannot be destroyed after use, which will cause pollution to the environment.
The production process of polypropylene melt-blown nonwoven fabric determines its fine fiber, fluffy structure, many pores, good anti-wrinkle ability, and has the advantage of being a filter material. Especially due to the raw material characteristics of polypropylene, it has a large specific surface area, low density and good chemical resistance. It is especially suitable for industrial filter materials and is widely used in electronics, pharmaceuticals, food, beverages, and chemical industries. By controlling the melt-blowing process, it is possible to obtain a desired web structure and a suitable monofilament size distribution. Polypropylene meltblown nonwoven fabric is a promising filter material.
According to the five mechanisms of fiber filtration? Intercepting effect, inertial effect, diffusion effect, electrostatic effect, gravity effect, polypropylene melt-blown nonwoven fabric can be used as an ideal filter material, especially acrylic, which is unmatched by other filter materials.
Polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabrics are generally used as filter materials in a composite method. The web of the melt-blown non-woven fabric is low in strength and thin. In order to increase the strength and the dust holding capacity, it is generally combined with spunbond, needle punching and other materials according to the requirements of the purification level to obtain an air filter composite with better comprehensive effect The material has the characteristics of low initial resistance, high filtration efficiency and large dust holding capacity at the same filtration speed.
Liquid filtration Polypropylene melt-blown nonwoven fabrics can be used as liquid microfiltration membranes after being processed by special processes such as potential rolling, which are widely used in the field of liquid filtration. The so-called microfiltration refers to the filtration of particles with a particle size of 0.02μm to 10μm, such as bacteria, blood and macromolecules, and is called microfiltration. The principle is similar to ordinary filtration. Microporous filtration is screen filtration. Under the effect of the static pressure difference, particles smaller than the pores of the membrane pass through the filter membrane, and particles larger than the pores of the membrane are trapped on the membrane surface, so that components of different sizes are separated.
Existing problems Polypropylene melt-blown nonwoven fabric as air filter material can only achieve sub-efficient level in China. To replace glass fiber as a high-efficiency and ultra-efficient filter material, there are still certain problems. The main reason is that the rigidity of the fiber is small; the dispersion coefficient of the fiber diameter is large; the filtration efficiency is related to its electrostatic effect, especially for particles with a particle size of 0.5 μm or less, so the detection value of the filtration efficiency is poor, that is, unstable.
Polypropylene melt-blown nonwoven fabric can only be used in the field of microfiltration when used as a liquid filter material, and it still cannot reach the high efficiency of ultrafiltration membranes.
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