Material selection in green packaging design

In the early stage of industrialization, the impact of materials on the environment is rarely considered, but the choice of materials in green packaging design is crucial. It not only determines the degree of product harm to the environment but also determines the recyclability of the product. How to choose appropriate materials to maximize the requirements of sustainable production when designing packaging products is a complex task and a process that comprehensively considers material performance, environmental factors and knowledge in the field. Carefully understand and master the packaging materials with environmental protection functions and apply them to green packaging design practices to minimize the pollution of materials, maintain the ecological balance of the natural environment and the social environment, and promote the use of global resources by the packaging industry by consumption The conversion of the model to the recycling model.

1. Material characteristics of green packaging design

1. Material properties and applications

The characteristics of the material often determine the effectiveness of the material's energy during production and use. Green packaging materials should use materials with low energy consumption, low cost, and less pollution. At the same time, the materials selected are easy to process, and there is no or little pollution in the processing. For example, the self-destructive plastics in the self-destructive materials designed and developed by the scientific research institutions of our country for environmental protection are special ultraviolet sensitizers added to polyolefins, which can quickly decompose after using waste. Therefore, the selection and application of green packaging materials mainly consider the following factors. 1) When designing similar packaging products, try to use the same packaging materials to facilitate recycling. For example, WHIRLPOOL Germany ’s packaging materials have been reduced from 20 to 4 types, reducing the cost of waste disposal to 50%. 2) Fully consider the recycling of materials, which not only saves raw materials, but also facilitates the recycling of resources. 3) The degradability of the materials should be considered in the design. In 1997, the State Environmental Protection Administration announced the environmental label and technical requirements of degradable plastic packaging products, and the implementation of the degradable plastic packaging product label recognition system will greatly improve the status of plastic packaging pollution. 4) Design and produce packaging products that can be used repeatedly. Such as Japan's Asahi, Sapporo and other beer companies developed a super-strength wine bottle, its life is doubled than the original bottle, for customers to use for up to 16 years, environmental protection is greatly superior to disposable packaging .

2. Re-understanding of traditional natural packaging materials

Our ancestors started to use the existing materials directly around us a long time ago to package things used in their labor and life, forming a unique green packaging quality connotation and ethnic packaging style, which contains The simplicity of natural values ​​and the meaning of environmental protection are still intact.

Plant leaf packaging. These materials include bamboo leaves, lotus leaves, and reed leaves. For example, Guangdong's gourd tea, which directly uses bamboo leaves in nature, binds brown tea leaves one by one with thin straw ropes, forming small round balls that are connected, similar to the pressure-waisted gourds growing in the north. The flavor of the tea packaged in this way remains unchanged for a long time in the original bamboo leaves. When drinking, you can always untie the upper grass rope and take out the tea powder. The rest is still stored in the gourd below.

Grass fiber packaging. This is a unique packaging form of Yunnan in China. People living here grow rice and raise poultry for a long time. Because the eggs are exchanged, the straw straw is woven into a mesh straw bag that can hold eggs. The eggs wrapped in the straw net are pink and lively, giving a natural and fresh feeling. Yunnan eggs are said to be worn with rope.

Bamboo weave packaging. Our ancestors have formed an inseparable bond with bamboo and wood in the working life of generations, and bamboo baskets are still used as packaging equipment. The basket is woven simply with strong and strong bamboo strips. There are no unnecessary trivial details on it, and the rustic beauty of natural materials is unique. All kinds of food are placed in it. The gap between the thin bamboo strips is transparent and natural, and the food is not easy to deteriorate.

Green packaging product design as a new design idea and method. It has aroused wide recognition and attention from all countries in the world. At the same time, it has driven the attention of the natural environment in various stages of the green packaging product cycle, and formed a green packaging product project with green packaging product design as the leader. Therefore, it is very necessary and urgent to propose green packaging design as a strategy. It will promote China's art design and packaging industry to develop better and faster towards humanized survival. Introducing green packaging design into the field of packaging engineering also provides designers with a new point of thinking and opens up a new path. As a packaging designer, we need to invest more energy in the technical system and aesthetics of this field. We are convinced to promote green packaging design and create a sustainable and ecological packaging space, which will become the mainstream of packaging design.

2. Green packaging design principles and methods

Green packaging design must follow the principles of 3R1D, that is, to reduce the consumption of packaging materials, refill and use of packaging containers, the recycling of packaging materials and the degradability of packaging materials, but how to implement its basic ideas into the conventional product design and development process In order to form a practical and feasible overall pattern of green packaging design process, it is the key to the universal acceptance and application of green packaging design. Standardizing green packaging product design process mainly includes the following methods:

1. Function, considering the green packaging design from the function, mainly to make the product use more reasonable, the basic idea is to analyze the product function in detail to determine what is the most basic functional characteristics, and further evaluate the realization of these functions Whether it consumes less materials and energy, causing the smallest load on the environment. The design process is:

1) Quantify the functional value of the product and identify the basic parameters corresponding to the functional value;

2) List the objectives and theoretical and practical measurement parameters for the specific functions of the packaged products;

3) Evaluate the consumption of materials and energy on each functional unit, and analyze based on theoretical and actual measurement parameters in order to investigate whether these functions can be achieved with less material and energy consumption;

4) Compare new packaging products with reference products, and optimize new product design and development strategies. [next]

2. Structure. Analyze the green packaging design from the morphological structure of the loosely packed products, mainly to make the packaging structure more scientific, practical and beautiful. At this level, first of all, carefully determine the basic product attribute concept, and consider how to improve the product's impact on the environment under its framework. In the design process, we must analyze both the product's functional structure and the product's material structure. In terms of functional structure:

1) To clarify the form, volume, category, attribute, and transportation scope of the packaged goods, analyze and determine the structure and function of the main body of the packaged product or the function of the accessories, and further clarify the purpose of use of the packaged product.

2) Analyze the overall structure and function of packaging design, determine whether it is possible to combine related functions or reduce the number of accessories, and whether the materials are used in the most reasonable way.

3) Is it possible to save materials and reduce volume and weight. In terms of material structure: (1) The properties of the packaging materials are reasonably configured for the packaging purpose; (2) The overall analysis of the product's material composition and detachability, and the effectiveness of use; (3) Try to reduce the number of materials in the same packaging product in order Classified recycling.

3. Recycling cycle, consider the green product design from the perspective of the packaging product cycle, which is convenient for the overall description of resource consumption and environmental load in the entire product cycle. The human body design methods are: 1) Establish the operating structure of the packaging product cycle ; 2) List the total consumption of packaging materials, assess the energy consumption in the state of raw materials; 3) Determine the energy consumption of packaging products during transportation and use, determine the recycling rate of recycled materials in packaging products; 5) Determine the packaging products The amount of final waste.

4. Evaluation. The components of packaging products and social ecological elements are the main evaluation index system of green packaging design. The evaluation of the components of the product refers to: 1) decomposing the packaged products into relatively independent parts, briefly describing their manufacturing process; 2) performing data analysis and analysis of the environmental problems and health damage that may be produced by the production process of each part Assessment; 3) Special manufacturing processes are adopted for the parts that may cause pollution problems, and harmful polluted parts can also be replaced by rationalized product functions and structures. The evaluation of ecological elements mainly refers to: 1) Environmental attribute indicators, that is, indicators related to the environment during the safety cycle of packaged products, mainly including air pollution indicators, liquid pollution indicators, solid pollution indicators, and noise pollution indicators. 2) Resource attribute indicators, that is, material resource indicators, design resource indicators, information resource indicators, and human resource indicators used in the product's cycle. 3) The energy attribute index refers to the utilization rate of green packaging products and the energy consumption of recycling and other indicators. For the above evaluation elements and indicators, on the one hand, the evaluation is made with reference to current environmental protection standards, industry standards, and related policies and regulations. On the other hand, the existing products and related technologies are used as reference objects and evaluated by comparison.

3. About green packaging design

For a long time, people's understanding and practice of packaging design is based on market demand and merchandise promotion. The positioning of its design creativity focuses on the two areas of merchandise and sales. It has been considered that packaging is often more important than products inside. Changing the packaging design means changing the product itself, and environmental issues are rarely involved in the entire design process. Since the 1990s, environmental challenges have caused people to respond appropriately in the process of packaging design. Many packaging companies and design companies have begun to implement environmental protection ideas from design leaders. Sonoco, one of the world ’s largest packaging companies, has adopted environmental protection measures for the products it has produced since 1990, and has proposed to the community that once we have manufactured it, we will recycle it. Products to prevent the spread of packaging pollution in the society. At the same time, how to consider the influence in design has become a hotspot in design research in recent years. Green packaging design regards packaging products as organic and element-free for human existence. It uses non-pollution, recyclable or renewable materials to design packaging products. The requirements are from the market demand, design development and production of packaging products. , Transportation, sales, recycling after use, and the interaction between packaging design products and people and the environment at each stage of the cycle. At the same time, it emphasizes that human beings use scientific strategies and methods to make man-made objects conform to natural human characteristics under the premise of following ecological laws and social aesthetic rules. What it brings to people is not short-term visual shock, but lasting material and spiritual enjoyment. . Green packaging design mainly involves the following aspects.

1. Green packaging design will be committed to the implementation of environmental protection strategies, establish new methods and tools to regulate the impact of packaging products on the environment at each stage of its cycle, 1) establish packaging product design and environmental protection Design specifications; 2) Effective monitoring and follow-up analysis of the input and output of packaged products during the use of logistics; 3) Establishment of an environmental protection evaluation model, and risk assessment of design and production activities that are detrimental to the environment.

2. Develop packaging materials and production processes that are beneficial to human health and environmental protection. In the design stage, conduct full market research and technical analysis on the requirements of packaging products, such as the scope and degree of damage to human health during the production, use, waste recycling, and design measures to control and eliminate pollution sources. Packaging materials are designed logistics media, especially packaging materials used in the packaging of daily necessities such as food and clothing. Dust in parts and methods of contact with people, residual chemicals in attachments and the impact of gas dispersion on human health It is difficult to measure and take precautionary measures against danger, but the designer's environmental awareness urges the materials selected at the design stage to be non-toxic, non-polluting, recyclable, and degradable. Reasonably design the packaging structure to achieve the maximum reduction in packaging products in terms of function, consumables and printing process, avoid the complicated superposition of packaging structure, hierarchy, and volume, excessive packaging, exaggerated packaging phenomenon, and use mysterious devices with no function Misleading consumers.

3. Green packaging design should determine the goal from each stage of the packaging product cycle. Green packaging design is not only an art subject, but also an engineering subject. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the packaging engineering idea and design from the overall perspective of the system cycle. Once the design scheme of the packaging product is confirmed, the organic cycle of the entire product The impact on the environment has become established. Therefore, we must consider the relevant environmental protection measures in the production, transportation, and recycling stages in the design of the leading stage.

1) In the design stage, fully grasp the market survey and material information, and propose a green packaging design plan, which mainly includes: conception, determination of design parameters, such as the volume and measurement value of the packaged items, reserve capacity or allowable deviation parameters; selected packaging The materials are non-toxic and harmless, recyclable and recyclable, degradable, and the selection of high-performance synthetic materials and native natural materials must consider the relevant environmental factors; design performance, including form, structure, style, graphics, text, color Wait to meet the aesthetic needs of green products, and strictly avoid visual pollution. In the design stage, the entry control of green packaging design is strengthened mainly from the selection of materials and the follow-up procedures of production.

2) At the production stage, we must fully consider how to improve the manufacturing process. The current research results show that the environmental load per unit of measurement is directly proportional to the time of process treatment. The successful design strategy is how to shorten the process time.

3) In the transportation stage, the design of transportation packaging is improved, that is, the attributes, characteristics, uses and transportation methods of different commodities should be considered according to the hidden dangers of the commodities during the transportation process, to reduce the energy consumption, and at the same time consider how to reduce the environmental impact of product packaging. load.

4) During the consumption phase, it mainly considers how users can save energy, reduce pollution, facilitate maintenance and extend the service life of related packaging supplies.

5) At the recycling stage, first of all, it is necessary to consider how to facilitate the recycling of packaging products in the design, and through the design of structure and materials, pre-installation disassembly and classification. The second is to consider how the packaging materials can be easily recycled, because it is difficult to extract pure substances from the mixture, and the mixture of some substances cannot be separated, so the green and reasonable configuration of the materials must be considered in the design.

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