Depression is a common mood disorder. Unlike the short-lived depression experienced in our daily lives, it seriously affects people's work and life. The most frightening thing is that depression can lead to suicide, and 800,000 people worldwide lose their lives every year...
With the increasing popularity of mental health knowledge, more and more people realize that depression is not only a mental illness, but also has a complex physiological basis behind it.
The study, conducted by the University of Manchester, further confirms the view that “this study is an important supplement: inflammation is an important neurobiological feature for subgroups of people with depression who have suicidal thoughts. Dr. John Krystal, editor of the journal, said.
The significance of this finding is also that anti-inflammatory drugs may have antidepressant effects, but only in patients with significant inflammation.
Obvious association
In the study, Dr. Talbot and his colleagues measured the levels of translocator proteins (TSPOs) in the brain of patients diagnosed with major depression. TSPO protein is a kind of mitochondrial membrane protein that transports cholesterol. It plays an important role in physiological processes such as immune response and apoptosis.
In the brain, elevated levels of TSPO activate the immune cells in the brain, microglia. The latter secretes a range of cytokines and causes an inflammatory response in the brain. Many neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, are associated with excessive activation of microglia.
The researchers looked at 14 patients with moderate to severe depression who did not use antidepressants. The subject's brain was scanned by positron emission tomography and signs of inflammation were identified.
The study found that those with depression thoughts had significantly elevated levels of TSPO, activated microglia, and increased brain inflammation. This phenomenon is particularly pronounced in a region called the anterior cingulate cortex, which is closely related to cognitive and emotional processes.
Similar research is not the first time
In fact, depression and neuroinflammation are not the first to be associated. Another study published in 2015, Dr. Elaine Setiawan from the University of Toronto, Canada, and her colleagues revealed a similar link between brain inflammation and major depression.
“There are two separate reports in this area – our research report is consistent with Toronto’s Setiawan and colleagues in a 2015 report – there are signs of inflammation in the brains of patients with major depressive episodes. "More specifically, activation of microglia," Dr. Talbot added. "This means that reducing microglia activation may be a new treatment for major depression."
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