Modern commodity packaging refers to the general term of “containers, materials, and auxiliary materials used to protect products, facilitate storage and transportation, promote sales, and adopt certain technical methods in the circulation processâ€. This article deals with the dual nature of commodity packaging for environmental protection. Explains the environmental sciences to provide advice on human packaging production.
Modern commodity packaging refers to the generic term “container, material, and auxiliary material used for the purpose of protecting the product during circulation, facilitating storage and transportation, promoting sales, and adopting certain technical methods†(GB4122-83 “Packaging General Termsâ€). This indicates that modern commodity packaging has not only been limited to production packaging that protects the quality and quantity of goods, but also includes circulation packaging, sales packaging, and consumer packaging that facilitate circulation, sales, and convenience. Because commodity packaging also undergoes production, circulation, sales, and consumption as well as commodities, and because the essence of commodity packaging is an appendage to the commodity body, there is no commodity, and product packaging cannot be discussed. This makes the commodity packaging issue itself a Dialectical.
There is a necessity for the existence of a product package such as a commodity appendage, a tool, or a means. First of all, commodity packaging is a kind of production activity, which has its own commercial nature. Its value and use value are attached to the value of the commodity. Together, the two constitute a unified commodity body. The commodity body is the smallest unit for sales and consumption. Secondly, commodity packaging is an indispensable process for the production of commodities. The final production process of any commodity, namely packaging, means that the end of the production process after packaging means that packaging is the bridge for the transition from potential commodities to real products. From the perspective of modern commodity packaging, it is not whether there is packaging, but packaging is essential, the difference lies in the packaging technology, packaging materials, packaging purposes, packaging methods. Third, commodity packaging is an effective means to achieve efficient and safe operations in circulation. From the time of shipment from the factory to the arrival of consumers, it is necessary to go through a series of distribution links, how to optimize the handling and storage in circulation, and reduce losses and dangers as low as possible, based on the packaging and shipping signs, packaging and storage. Transport logos, dangerous goods packaging signs, etc., so the packaging logo has become a warning sign of circulation, no packaging, packaging labels attached to the packaging can exist! Finally, the Consumer Rights Protection Act clarified that consumers have the right to obtain information about the goods together with the goods, and this information can only be obtained through sales packaging, consumer packaging, and this kind of packaging advertisement is a powerful means of promotion. This shows that commodity packaging together with the goods constitute an integral body.
The commodity body is the product of human action on the environment and return to the environment. This leads to the formation of an organic cycle of population-environment-production development. All human activities cannot be separated from the environment in which human beings live, namely the social environment and the natural environment. While building, improving, and beautifying their own living environment, production environment, and cultural environment, humanity is also using, changing, and even polluting and destroying the natural environment. The destruction of the natural environment cannot provide a high-quality social environment for humans. It may provide a good living space for humans living in the environment. Therefore, protecting the environment protects the blue sky that human beings have survived, thus saving humanity itself. In environmental pollution and ecological destruction, commodity packaging cannot escape its responsibility. In the face of the contradiction of commodity and commodity packaging, which are difficult for human beings to discard, it is more practical to study the dialectical relationship between commodity packaging and environmental protection.
First, the commodity packaging can protect the environment 1. The commodity packaging can protect the use value of the commodity from loss, thus avoiding the environmental pollution. Commodity quality is influenced by both its intrinsic features and the external environment. The intrinsic physical, chemical, and biochemical characteristics of a commodity must be properly packaged to ensure its use value is protected from loss. Only modern packaging technology and packaging materials can make it shockproof, heatproof, dustproof, radiationproof, lightproof, rustproof, mildewproof, and oxidation resistant. It is possible to make products more clean, fresher, longer and safer. ... The losses caused by poor packaging of goods in China are extremely heavy. The annual loss is about 10 billion yuan. For example, in 1986, the loss was 14 billion yuan, which means that the average annual loss per person due to poor packaging was 12 yuan. This kind of loss not only wastes huge manpower, material resources, and financial resources, but also causes a large amount of man-made waste. It can be considered that mankind plunders resources from the environment and manufactures waste, and it also pollutes and destroys the environment.
2, commodity packaging can protect the environment from certain commodities. Some products have their own radiation, toxicity, harmfulness, pollution, etc. become an important source of environmental pollution. Only effective packaging of these products can protect the environment. Therefore, commodity packaging has become an “umbrella†that protects the environment from pollution.
3. Commodity packaging is the most effective propaganda vehicle for improving the environmental awareness of the entire people and consciously protecting the environment. People are producers and users of commodities. It can be said that people are the biggest polluters and vandals in the environment. If people who are producers of goods are able to reproduce first, and people who are users of goods can not forget environmental protection if they can afford it, then humanity will live in an environment where it lives. To sum up, reasonable and appropriate packaging of goods will provide value for money and useful things, which reflects the positive effect of protecting the environment to some extent.
Second, the impact of commodity packaging, environmental damage 1, packaging waste seriously harm the environment. According to statistics, the annual production of solid waste in cities above the county level in our country is about 200 million tons, which exceeds 150 million tons in the United States, far more than Japan’s 0.5 million tons, including packaging waste, and developed countries account for about 1/3 of total solid waste. China accounts for about 1/10, that is, 20 million tons per year, and it is growing year by year. Due to the fact that China has not implemented garbage classification at all, so in Japan, for example, plastics accounted for 37.8%, paper accounted for 34.8%, glass accounted for 16.9%, and metal accounted for 10.5% of packaging waste (Packaging World 1998.4). package"). In the exploration of plastic recycling technology in China for more than 20 years, the development of recycling technology is very limited, and the recycling method is simple. It only has a certain basis in the method of melting and recycling, while recovering oil and gas and recycling chemical raw materials in thermal decomposition. , Incineration and recovery of heat energy, etc. have just started, and development is slow. Separation and separation technologies for mixed waste plastics have not been substantially involved. Moreover, the vast majority of waste plastics recycling and processing enterprises in China are small enterprises and township enterprises, or even individual enterprises ("Environmental Protection" 1998.9 "Plastics Comprehensive Utilization Technology and Application Prospects"), and the scale is small and the technology is backward. At present, the use and recycling of plastics are basically left unrestrained. The government has not yet implemented effective countermeasures for the growing number of plastic waste. The degradation cycle of plastic products in nature from 100 to 200 years will cause devastating damage to the environment. For example, the agricultural mulch has been widely used in China, but due to the aging broken and recycling of the agricultural film, the residual agricultural film per hectare is more than 45 kg per year. According to statistics, in wheat fields with continuous use of agricultural film for more than two years, the output of wheat is reduced by about 9%. Continuous use of wheat film with 5 years of agricultural film reduces the yield of wheat by about 26%. It can be seen that the harm of plastics to arable land is high input and low output. The use of fatigued recovery will make land less rewarding to humanity. Look at China’s heavily polluted Sanhe, Sanhu, and even the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers. A large number of plastic products drift along with waves, threatening and even killing marine life. When people do not seek Baidou Dolphin again, it is plastic waste that can be seen. This white pollution that harms the environment has become a global hazard.
2. The production of packaging also pollutes the environment. Paper packaging, which accounts for about 40% of all packaging products in China, severely pollutes the environment during its manufacturing process. The wastewater discharge of pulp and paper companies accounts for about 10% of the total industrial wastewater discharge, and the organic pollutant discharge accounts for about 40%. The paper industry has become an important factor in water pollution. Water pollution has polluted human drinking water and threatened the proliferation of marine life. In addition, the paper industry, plastics industry, glass industry, and metal products industry will emit a large number of toxic and harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide, sulfides, and cyanide, causing serious pollution to the atmosphere.
3. At the same time as the production of packaging, both the consumption of resources and the destruction of the environment. The packaging industry consumes enormous resources. In the United States, for example, paper and paperboard used for packaging account for 50% of the total paper products, packaging aluminum foil accounts for 90% of the total amount of aluminum foil, and packaging plastic accounts for 20% of the total amount of plastic resins. Other kinds of packaging materials also occupy a considerable ratio. The results of the country’s fourth national inventory of forest resources showed that the forest coverage rate in China was 13.92%. In 1996, the national forest industry achieved a profit and tax of only 1.77 billion yuan, and the timber utilization rate in China was less than 30%. Up to 60% to 70%, due to the low timber price in China, resulting in wasteful use, using good wood as packaging materials for industrial products in packaging, and using scarce forest resources as papermaking materials, facing a growing shortage of wood supply and demand (expected By the year 2000, the domestic demand for wood was about 101.9 million cubic meters, while the availability was only 63 million cubic meters and the gap was 38 million cubic meters. The utilization rate must be increased. In addition, this summer's torrential floods along the Yangtze River warn that we must protect forest ecology and protect pasture vegetation.
In addition, cans can be packaged. For many years, our country has imported foreign currency. This not only causes the waste of foreign exchange use, but also causes the inefficient operation of funds. Although China is now able to produce small batches, this waste of resources, which is scarce resources, will continue to be sustained compared to the huge demand. And any kind of packaging production consumes a lot of energy. It can be seen that as a product packaging for production activities, its production process is accompanied by the consumption of resources. When the social value and economic value formed by packaging are much lower than the value of the resources themselves, packaging production is a waste, and it also causes environmental pollution. damage.
Third, in the face of the dual nature of commodity packaging for environmental protection, environmental science puts forward recommendations on human packaging production, first environmental protection and reproduction. Throughout our country, rivers and lakes pollution, air pollution, water pollution and other forms of time, long 30 years, less than 10 years short, and to control pollution, not only to spend huge amounts of money, and radically longer than the pollution used In time, we can no longer follow the old road of industrial pollution in the developed countries. China's forced closure of small and medium-sized paper-making enterprises and the strict implementation of control measures for pollutant discharge standards all indicate that production must be based on environmental protection and must not be used as a cost of production.
2, first environmental protection and then consumption. As early as 1989, the 12 countries of the European Community decided to stop using CFCs by the year 2000. Some large cities in China are not allowed to use non-degradable disposable plastic snack boxes and phosphorus-containing detergents. Environmental protection is a prerequisite, and consumption that hinders environmental protection will be gradually controlled until it is banned. Therefore, it can be foreseen that plastic packaging will be strictly controlled.
3, commodity packaging should be consistent with the quality of goods. The value of the commodity's value depends on the value of the commodity itself and the value of the packaging. In general, the value of a commodity should account for the largest share of the value of the commodity, which reflects its value for money. However, on the contrary, in the rapid development of the packaging industry today, there have been misunderstandings in packaging. For example, the ex-factory price of a ham of a certain factory is only 0.33 yuan, and the external packaging cost is 0.2-0.3 yuan. The edible portion is edible. The cost is less than 0.1 yuan (the results of the third quarter inspection of ham sausage quality of 40 varieties of 12 companies in 12 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions by the National Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau Meat Quality Inspection Center). The cost of many commercial body packaging accounts for about two-thirds of the total, which not only causes huge waste of resources, but also artificially increases the cost of consumption and distort the normal relationship of production and consumption. We should always bear in mind that commodity packaging is an appendage to commodities, and we must not neglect our efforts to create the story of modern buying and selling. Implementing reasonable packaging not only avoids the damage of the weak packaging to the value of the commodity itself, but also opposes excessive packaging and exaggerated packaging. This kind of exaggerated packaging can only be extravagant and catalyzed, which not only can not increase the value of the commodity, but can only reduce it. Quality, waste of resources. Therefore, we must establish a correct concept of packaging - product packaging can only accurately reflect the value of the goods, but will not increase the value of the goods. Commodity packaging can increase the value of the commodity body. Excessive and exaggerated packaging can greatly increase the packaging cost. When the value of the commodity body is constant, or even when the amplitude of variation is smaller than the variation in the packaging cost, the value of the commodity itself will be reduced and the quality of the commodity will be difficult to guarantee. However, the value of the commodity body does not equal the value of the commodity. Reasonable and appropriate packaging
Modern commodity packaging refers to the generic term “container, material, and auxiliary material used for the purpose of protecting the product during circulation, facilitating storage and transportation, promoting sales, and adopting certain technical methods†(GB4122-83 “Packaging General Termsâ€). This indicates that modern commodity packaging has not only been limited to production packaging that protects the quality and quantity of goods, but also includes circulation packaging, sales packaging, and consumer packaging that facilitate circulation, sales, and convenience. Because commodity packaging also undergoes production, circulation, sales, and consumption as well as commodities, and because the essence of commodity packaging is an appendage to the commodity body, there is no commodity, and product packaging cannot be discussed. This makes the commodity packaging issue itself a Dialectical.
There is a necessity for the existence of a product package such as a commodity appendage, a tool, or a means. First of all, commodity packaging is a kind of production activity, which has its own commercial nature. Its value and use value are attached to the value of the commodity. Together, the two constitute a unified commodity body. The commodity body is the smallest unit for sales and consumption. Secondly, commodity packaging is an indispensable process for the production of commodities. The final production process of any commodity, namely packaging, means that the end of the production process after packaging means that packaging is the bridge for the transition from potential commodities to real products. From the perspective of modern commodity packaging, it is not whether there is packaging, but packaging is essential, the difference lies in the packaging technology, packaging materials, packaging purposes, packaging methods. Third, commodity packaging is an effective means to achieve efficient and safe operations in circulation. From the time of shipment from the factory to the arrival of consumers, it is necessary to go through a series of distribution links, how to optimize the handling and storage in circulation, and reduce losses and dangers as low as possible, based on the packaging and shipping signs, packaging and storage. Transport logos, dangerous goods packaging signs, etc., so the packaging logo has become a warning sign of circulation, no packaging, packaging labels attached to the packaging can exist! Finally, the Consumer Rights Protection Act clarified that consumers have the right to obtain information about the goods together with the goods, and this information can only be obtained through sales packaging, consumer packaging, and this kind of packaging advertisement is a powerful means of promotion. This shows that commodity packaging together with the goods constitute an integral body.
The commodity body is the product of human action on the environment and return to the environment. This leads to the formation of an organic cycle of population-environment-production development. All human activities cannot be separated from the environment in which human beings live, namely the social environment and the natural environment. While building, improving, and beautifying their own living environment, production environment, and cultural environment, humanity is also using, changing, and even polluting and destroying the natural environment. The destruction of the natural environment cannot provide a high-quality social environment for humans. It may provide a good living space for humans living in the environment. Therefore, protecting the environment protects the blue sky that human beings have survived, thus saving humanity itself. In environmental pollution and ecological destruction, commodity packaging cannot escape its responsibility. In the face of the contradiction of commodity and commodity packaging, which are difficult for human beings to discard, it is more practical to study the dialectical relationship between commodity packaging and environmental protection.
First, the commodity packaging can protect the environment 1. The commodity packaging can protect the use value of the commodity from loss, thus avoiding the environmental pollution. Commodity quality is influenced by both its intrinsic features and the external environment. The intrinsic physical, chemical, and biochemical characteristics of a commodity must be properly packaged to ensure its use value is protected from loss. Only modern packaging technology and packaging materials can make it shockproof, heatproof, dustproof, radiationproof, lightproof, rustproof, mildewproof, and oxidation resistant. It is possible to make products more clean, fresher, longer and safer. ... The losses caused by poor packaging of goods in China are extremely heavy. The annual loss is about 10 billion yuan. For example, in 1986, the loss was 14 billion yuan, which means that the average annual loss per person due to poor packaging was 12 yuan. This kind of loss not only wastes huge manpower, material resources, and financial resources, but also causes a large amount of man-made waste. It can be considered that mankind plunders resources from the environment and manufactures waste, and it also pollutes and destroys the environment.
2, commodity packaging can protect the environment from certain commodities. Some products have their own radiation, toxicity, harmfulness, pollution, etc. become an important source of environmental pollution. Only effective packaging of these products can protect the environment. Therefore, commodity packaging has become an “umbrella†that protects the environment from pollution.
3. Commodity packaging is the most effective propaganda vehicle for improving the environmental awareness of the entire people and consciously protecting the environment. People are producers and users of commodities. It can be said that people are the biggest polluters and vandals in the environment. If people who are producers of goods are able to reproduce first, and people who are users of goods can not forget environmental protection if they can afford it, then humanity will live in an environment where it lives. To sum up, reasonable and appropriate packaging of goods will provide value for money and useful things, which reflects the positive effect of protecting the environment to some extent.
Second, the impact of commodity packaging, environmental damage 1, packaging waste seriously harm the environment. According to statistics, the annual production of solid waste in cities above the county level in our country is about 200 million tons, which exceeds 150 million tons in the United States, far more than Japan’s 0.5 million tons, including packaging waste, and developed countries account for about 1/3 of total solid waste. China accounts for about 1/10, that is, 20 million tons per year, and it is growing year by year. Due to the fact that China has not implemented garbage classification at all, so in Japan, for example, plastics accounted for 37.8%, paper accounted for 34.8%, glass accounted for 16.9%, and metal accounted for 10.5% of packaging waste (Packaging World 1998.4). package"). In the exploration of plastic recycling technology in China for more than 20 years, the development of recycling technology is very limited, and the recycling method is simple. It only has a certain basis in the method of melting and recycling, while recovering oil and gas and recycling chemical raw materials in thermal decomposition. , Incineration and recovery of heat energy, etc. have just started, and development is slow. Separation and separation technologies for mixed waste plastics have not been substantially involved. Moreover, the vast majority of waste plastics recycling and processing enterprises in China are small enterprises and township enterprises, or even individual enterprises ("Environmental Protection" 1998.9 "Plastics Comprehensive Utilization Technology and Application Prospects"), and the scale is small and the technology is backward. At present, the use and recycling of plastics are basically left unrestrained. The government has not yet implemented effective countermeasures for the growing number of plastic waste. The degradation cycle of plastic products in nature from 100 to 200 years will cause devastating damage to the environment. For example, the agricultural mulch has been widely used in China, but due to the aging broken and recycling of the agricultural film, the residual agricultural film per hectare is more than 45 kg per year. According to statistics, in wheat fields with continuous use of agricultural film for more than two years, the output of wheat is reduced by about 9%. Continuous use of wheat film with 5 years of agricultural film reduces the yield of wheat by about 26%. It can be seen that the harm of plastics to arable land is high input and low output. The use of fatigued recovery will make land less rewarding to humanity. Look at China’s heavily polluted Sanhe, Sanhu, and even the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers. A large number of plastic products drift along with waves, threatening and even killing marine life. When people do not seek Baidou Dolphin again, it is plastic waste that can be seen. This white pollution that harms the environment has become a global hazard.
2. The production of packaging also pollutes the environment. Paper packaging, which accounts for about 40% of all packaging products in China, severely pollutes the environment during its manufacturing process. The wastewater discharge of pulp and paper companies accounts for about 10% of the total industrial wastewater discharge, and the organic pollutant discharge accounts for about 40%. The paper industry has become an important factor in water pollution. Water pollution has polluted human drinking water and threatened the proliferation of marine life. In addition, the paper industry, plastics industry, glass industry, and metal products industry will emit a large number of toxic and harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide, sulfides, and cyanide, causing serious pollution to the atmosphere.
3. At the same time as the production of packaging, both the consumption of resources and the destruction of the environment. The packaging industry consumes enormous resources. In the United States, for example, paper and paperboard used for packaging account for 50% of the total paper products, packaging aluminum foil accounts for 90% of the total amount of aluminum foil, and packaging plastic accounts for 20% of the total amount of plastic resins. Other kinds of packaging materials also occupy a considerable ratio. The results of the country’s fourth national inventory of forest resources showed that the forest coverage rate in China was 13.92%. In 1996, the national forest industry achieved a profit and tax of only 1.77 billion yuan, and the timber utilization rate in China was less than 30%. Up to 60% to 70%, due to the low timber price in China, resulting in wasteful use, using good wood as packaging materials for industrial products in packaging, and using scarce forest resources as papermaking materials, facing a growing shortage of wood supply and demand (expected By the year 2000, the domestic demand for wood was about 101.9 million cubic meters, while the availability was only 63 million cubic meters and the gap was 38 million cubic meters. The utilization rate must be increased. In addition, this summer's torrential floods along the Yangtze River warn that we must protect forest ecology and protect pasture vegetation.
In addition, cans can be packaged. For many years, our country has imported foreign currency. This not only causes the waste of foreign exchange use, but also causes the inefficient operation of funds. Although China is now able to produce small batches, this waste of resources, which is scarce resources, will continue to be sustained compared to the huge demand. And any kind of packaging production consumes a lot of energy. It can be seen that as a product packaging for production activities, its production process is accompanied by the consumption of resources. When the social value and economic value formed by packaging are much lower than the value of the resources themselves, packaging production is a waste, and it also causes environmental pollution. damage.
Third, in the face of the dual nature of commodity packaging for environmental protection, environmental science puts forward recommendations on human packaging production, first environmental protection and reproduction. Throughout our country, rivers and lakes pollution, air pollution, water pollution and other forms of time, long 30 years, less than 10 years short, and to control pollution, not only to spend huge amounts of money, and radically longer than the pollution used In time, we can no longer follow the old road of industrial pollution in the developed countries. China's forced closure of small and medium-sized paper-making enterprises and the strict implementation of control measures for pollutant discharge standards all indicate that production must be based on environmental protection and must not be used as a cost of production.
2, first environmental protection and then consumption. As early as 1989, the 12 countries of the European Community decided to stop using CFCs by the year 2000. Some large cities in China are not allowed to use non-degradable disposable plastic snack boxes and phosphorus-containing detergents. Environmental protection is a prerequisite, and consumption that hinders environmental protection will be gradually controlled until it is banned. Therefore, it can be foreseen that plastic packaging will be strictly controlled.
3, commodity packaging should be consistent with the quality of goods. The value of the commodity's value depends on the value of the commodity itself and the value of the packaging. In general, the value of a commodity should account for the largest share of the value of the commodity, which reflects its value for money. However, on the contrary, in the rapid development of the packaging industry today, there have been misunderstandings in packaging. For example, the ex-factory price of a ham of a certain factory is only 0.33 yuan, and the external packaging cost is 0.2-0.3 yuan. The edible portion is edible. The cost is less than 0.1 yuan (the results of the third quarter inspection of ham sausage quality of 40 varieties of 12 companies in 12 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions by the National Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau Meat Quality Inspection Center). The cost of many commercial body packaging accounts for about two-thirds of the total, which not only causes huge waste of resources, but also artificially increases the cost of consumption and distort the normal relationship of production and consumption. We should always bear in mind that commodity packaging is an appendage to commodities, and we must not neglect our efforts to create the story of modern buying and selling. Implementing reasonable packaging not only avoids the damage of the weak packaging to the value of the commodity itself, but also opposes excessive packaging and exaggerated packaging. This kind of exaggerated packaging can only be extravagant and catalyzed, which not only can not increase the value of the commodity, but can only reduce it. Quality, waste of resources. Therefore, we must establish a correct concept of packaging - product packaging can only accurately reflect the value of the goods, but will not increase the value of the goods. Commodity packaging can increase the value of the commodity body. Excessive and exaggerated packaging can greatly increase the packaging cost. When the value of the commodity body is constant, or even when the amplitude of variation is smaller than the variation in the packaging cost, the value of the commodity itself will be reduced and the quality of the commodity will be difficult to guarantee. However, the value of the commodity body does not equal the value of the commodity. Reasonable and appropriate packaging
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